Objectives: During the first months of SARS-CoV-2 evolution in a new host, contrasting hypotheses have been proposed about the way the virus has evolved and diversified worldwide. The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive evolutionary analysis to describe the human outbreak and the evolutionary rate of different genomic regions of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: The molecular evolution in nine genomic regions of SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed using three different approaches: phylogenetic signal assessment,...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Adaptive genetic variation is a function of both selective and neutral forces. In order to accurately identify adaptive loci, it is hence critical to account for demographic history. Theory suggests that signatures of selection can be inferred using the coalescent, following the premise that the genealogies of selected loci deviate from neutral expectations. Here, we build on this theory to develop an analytical framework to identify Loci under Selection via explicit Demographic models (LSD). Under...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Prions are proteins capable of acquiring an alternate conformation that can then induce additional copies to adopt this same alternate conformation. Although initially discovered in relation to mammalian disease, subsequent studies have revealed the presence of prions in Bacteria and Viruses, suggesting an ancient evolutionary origin. Here we explore whether prions exist in Archaea - the last domain of life left unexplored with regard to prions. After searching for potential prion-forming protein...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Theory predicts that the ability of selection and recombination to purge mutation load is enhanced if selection against deleterious genetic variants operates more strongly in males than females. However, direct empirical support for this tenet is limited, perhaps because traditional quantitative genetic approaches allow dominance and intermediate-frequency polymorphisms to obscure the effects of rare and partially recessive deleterious alleles that make up the main part of a population's mutation...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Aim: Identifying the mechanisms driving divergence in marine organisms is challenging as opportunities for allopatric isolation are less conspicuous than in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we aim to estimate a dated phylogeny of the squid family Loliginidae, and perform ecological niche analyses to explore biogeographic and evolutionary patterns giving rise to extant lineages in this group, with particular focus on cryptic species with population structure along the western Atlantic coast. Location:...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
The SARS-CoV-2 infected cases and the caused mortalities have been surging since the COVID-19 pandemic. Viral mutations emerge during the virus circulating in the population, which is shaping the viral infectivity and pathogenicity. Here we extensively analyzed 6698 SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences with specific sample collection dates in NCBI database. We found that four mutations, i.e., 5'UTR_c-241-t, NSP3_c-3037-t, NSP12_c-14408-t, and S_a-23403-g, became the dominant variants and each of them...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
A key challenge in evolutionary biology is the accurate quantification of selective pressure on proteins and other biological macromolecules at single-site resolution. The evolutionary importance of a protein site under purifying selection is typically measured by the degree of conservation of the protein site itself. A possible alternative measure is the strength of the site-induced conservation gradient in the rest of the protein structure. However, the quantitative relationship between these two...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emergent RNA virus that spread around the planet in about 4 months. The consequences of this rapid dispersion are under investigation. In this work, we analyzed thousands of genomes and protein sequences from Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. We show that the virus is a complex of slightly different variants that are unevenly distributed on Earth, and demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 phylogeny is spatially structured. Remarkably,...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Dollos law of irreversibility states that once a complex adaptation has been lost in evolution, it will not be regained. Recently, various violations of this principle have been described. Here, we argue that the logic underlying Dollos law only applies to traits that are constitutively expressed, while it fails in case of plastic traits that are up- or downregulated according to needs. We tested this hypothesis for an archetypal violation of Dollos law, the loss and regain of fat synthesis in parasitic...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Whole genome duplication (WGD) events have played a major role in eukaryotic genome evolution, but the consequence of these extreme events in adaptive genome evolution is still not well understood. To address this knowledge gap we used a comparative phylogenetic model and transcriptomic data from seven species to infer selection on gene expression in duplicated genes (ohnologs) following the salmonid WGD 80-100 million years ago. We find rare cases of tissue-specific expression evolution but pervasive...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Bayesian phylogeography aims to reconstruct migrations in evolutionary processes. This methodological framework has been used for the reconstruction of homelands and historical expansions of various language families, but its reliability for language diversification research has remained unclear. We contribute to this discussion with a simulation study where we distinguish two types of spatial processes: migration and expansion. By migration we denote long-distance movement of whole populations,...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 03:00
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model system for improving cereal crops due to its diploid genome, ease of cultivation, and use of C4 photosynthesis. The S. viridis accession ME034V is exceptionally transformable, but the lack of a sequenced genome for this accession has limited its utility. We present a 397 Mb highly contiguous de novo assembly of ME034V using ultra-long nanopore sequencing technology (read N50=41kb). We estimate that this genome is largely complete based on our...
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Identifying early gene expression responses to hypoxia (i.e., low dissolved oxygen) as a tool to assess the degree of exposure to this stressor is crucial for salmonids, because they are increasingly exposed to hypoxic stress due to anthropogenic habitat change, e.g., global warming, excessive nutrient loading, and persistent algal blooms. Our goal was to discover and validate gill gene expression biomarkers specific to the hypoxia response in salmonids across multi-stressor conditions. Gill tissue...
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Schizophrenia is an idiopathic disorder that affects approximately 1% of the human population, and presents with persistent delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behaviors. Antipsychotics are the standard pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia, but are frequently discontinued by patients due to inefficacy and/or side effects. Chronic treatment with the typical antipsychotic haloperidol causes tardive dyskinesia (TD), which manifests as involuntary and often irreversible orofacial movements...
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Cell growth is driven by the synthesis of proteins, genes, and other cellular components. Defining processes that limit biosynthesis rates is fundamental for understanding the determinants of cell physiology. Here, we analyze the consequences of engineering cells to express extremely high levels of mCherry proteins, as a tool to define limiting processes that fail to adapt upon increasing biosynthetic demands. Protein-burdened cells were transcriptionally and phenotypically similar to mutants of...
00:28
The loss and damage of podocytes is an early feature of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The miR-17∼92 cluster was dysregulated in diabetic and polycystic kidney disease patients, but its role in DN is unclear. Hence, an in vitro study on the high glucose- (HG-) treated mouse podocytes (MPC5) was designed to elucidate the effect of miR-17∼92 cluster downregulation on cell viability, apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and podocyte function. The results suggested that the miR-17∼92 cluster members miR-17-5p,...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 18:20
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on l ‐lysine sulfate produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum KFCC 11043 when used as a nutritional additive in feed for all animal species. The active substance is l ‐lysine. The production strain qualifies for the qualified presumption of safety (QPS ) approach to safety assessment and was not detected...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 22:00
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of OptiPhos® PLUS (6‐phytase) as a zootechnical feed additive for suckling and weaned piglets, pigs for fattening, sows, other minor pig species for fattening and other minor reproductive pig species. The additive is a preparation of 6‐phytase produced by a genetically modified strain...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 22:00
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus parafarraginis DSM 32962 when used as a technological additive intended to improve the production of silage at a proposed application rate of 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU )/kg fresh material. The bacterial species L. parafarraginis is considered by EFSA to be suitable for the...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 22:00
Abstract Pigs at different stages of the production cycle may have to be killed on‐farm for purposes other than slaughter (where slaughter is defined as killing for human consumption) either individually (e.g. severely injured pigs) or on a large scale (e.g. unproductive animals or for disease control reasons). This opinion assessed the risks associated with the on‐farm killing of pigs and included two phases: 1) handling and moving of pigs and 2) killing methods (including restraint). The killing...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 11:06
Abstract The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance prosulfuron are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC ) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of prosulfuron as a herbicide on maize and sweet...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 11:06
Abstract The tincture derived from Artemisia vulgaris L. (Mugwort tincture) is intended to be used as a sensory additive in feed for all animal species. The product is a water/ethanol solution, with a dry matter content of approximately 1.7% and is specified to contain a minimum of 0.01% hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (expressed as chlorogenic acid). In a previous assessment, the additive was not characterised in full and about 74% of the dry matter fraction remained uncharacterised (representing...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 11:04
Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of fumonisin esterase from Komagataella phaffii DSM 32159 as a technological feed additive for all animal species. The product has been already assessed by the FEEDAP Panel for use in pigs and poultry feed as technological additive and was granted with an authorisation in the EU for this...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 11:04
Related Articles Evaluation of gum health status in hemophilia patients in Birjand (a case-control study). Am J Blood Res. 2020;10(3):54-59 Authors: Parvaie P, Shaygan Majd H, Ziaee M, Sharifzadeh G, Osmani F Abstract BACKGROUND: Gum bleeding in the absence of trauma or injury in adults with haemophilia is often reported. So hemophilic patients require special care and attention in various dentistry practices. The purpose of this study was...
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Related Articles Risk of COVID-19 in oncohematological patients. Am J Blood Res. 2020;10(3):52-53 Authors: Alcaraz R, Saiz-Rodríguez M, Cuevas B, González-López TJ, Labrador J Abstract As of April 23, 2020, the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has affected 2,544,792 people, causing 175,694 deaths worldwide. The global scientific community has turned its attention to the impact of the new virus, which has become a major challenge for healthcare...
04:06
Related Articles Does intravenous tranexamic acid reduce bleeding during mastoidectomy? Am J Blood Res. 2020;10(3):46-51 Authors: Ziaei S, Joni SS, Shahriar R, Shahzamani M Abstract Mastoidectomy is one of the important head and neck surgeries which is mostly performed due to complications of otitis media. This procedure is performed under microscopic surgery and as a result, a clean visual field is required for surgeons. Bleeding is one of...
04:06
Related Articles Cell-free DNA for genomic profiling and minimal residual disease monitoring in Myeloma- are we there yet? Am J Blood Res. 2020;10(3):26-45 Authors: Thakral D, Das N, Basnal A, Gupta R Abstract OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell neoplasm, afflicts elder individuals accounting for 10% of hematologic malignancies. The MM plasma cells largely reside within the bone marrow niche and are accessible through an invasive...
04:06
The attitudes, behaviors, and opinions about non‐pharmacological agents in patients with tinea pedis
Abstract Tinea pedis affects the life quality distinctly and patients those with a prolonged disease often resort to non‐medical methods. We sought to evaluate patients’ knowledge about tinea pedis and approaches to the non‐pharmacological agents. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 152 patients with tinea pedis who answered the survey between July‐November 2019. Demographic and clinical features, patients’ attitudes, behaviors, and opinions about non‐pharmacological treatments related to tinea...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 12:58
ABSTRACT Oxybutynin chloride and Botulinum Toxin type A (BTX‐A) have demonstrated to be effective treatments for primary palmar hyperhidrosis, however both of them are not completely free from local and/or generalized side effects. Primary aim of this study is to compare efficacy and safety of a therapeutic approach based on in sequence administration of oral oxybutynin chloride following BTX‐A injections versus oral oxybutynin chloride in monotherapy in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis....
Tue Jul 21, 2020 12:50
Tue Jul 21, 2020 12:14
Tue Jul 21, 2020 12:00
Horm Metab ResDOI: 10.1055/a-1204-5443Diabetes is considered as a disease with a wide and continuous clinical spectrum, ranging from Type 1 (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) with complex multifactorial causes. In the last years, particular attention has been focused on the predictive value and therapeutic potential of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs can alter the seed-sequence in ...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 02:00
Abstract Objectives Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is commonly requested by dental implant surgeons, pre‐operatively, for patients being considered for dental implants. Incidental maxillary sinus findings often result in otolaryngology (ENT) referral for further assessment. CBCT findings include transient and benign mucosal changes that may not require any intervention and therefore unnecessarily delay implant surgery. We aim to define appropriateness criteria for ESS in the management...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 14:49
On hospital rounds as a first-year medical student — by far the least clinically experienced team member — I tried my best to fit in. I marveled at the confidence of clerks, who introduced themselves to families and updated management plans. I discreetly looked over the shoulders of pharmacists…
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
The outcomes of implanting a large‐sized donor liver in deceased transplantation remain unclear. In this study, we confirmed graft weight to recipient weight (GWRW) threshold of 2.5% and found that the GWRW ratio >2.5% is associated with increased risk of early mortality and other adverse outcomes. It should be prudent to transplant a GWRW >2.5% donor liver to the recipient with high model for end‐stage liver disease score and donor alanine transaminase for clinicians. This finding may confirm...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 21:13
We describe the establishment of a sustainable mesh hernia repair service in a resource‐poor setting. The service will now be replicated across hospitals in Tanzania. If successful, the training model could be reproduced for other surgically treatable diseases. Abstract Background Hernias are amongst the most common general surgical problems worldwide. In 2019, an estimated 800 000 inguinal hernias remain untreated in Tanzania. Furthermore, only 5% of hernias in Africa are repaired with...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 21:09
Prediction of the most severe form of postoperative pancreatic fistula is crucial for successful management of patients who are to undergo cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy. Measurement of retrorenal fat tissue thickness is a simple measure that may help to predict the most severe grade of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Abstract Background Pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy is one of the most severe complications with mortality rates as high as 45%, and...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 21:07
This paper addresses the surgical metrics for a region and Bellwether capable hospital in Papua New Guinea. It is, in having real patient studies of access (metric 1) and financial out of pocket expenses, the first paper from this region to address all the indicators. Abstract Background The unmet global burden of surgical disease is substantial. The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) estimated that 5 billion people do not have access to safe, affordable and timely surgical...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 20:59
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