Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου

Κυριακή 12 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

Effects of dimension reduction of hyperspectral images in skin gross pathology

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Background

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging modality for the gross pathology of the skin. Spectral signatures of HSI could discriminate malignant from benign tissue. Because of inherent redundancies in HSI and in order to facilitate the use of deep-learning models, dimension reduction is a common preprocessing step. The effects of dimension reduction choice, training scope, and number of retained dimensions have not been evaluated on skin HSI for segmentation tasks.

Materials and methods

An in-house dataset of HSI signatures from pigmented skin lesions was prepared and labeled with histology. Eleven different dimension reduction methods were used as preprocessing for tumor margin detection with support vector machines. Cluster-wise principal component analysis (ClusterPCA), a new variant of PCA, was proposed. The scope of application for dimension reduction was also investigated.

Results

The components produced by ClusterPCA show good agreement with the expected optical properties of skin chromophores. Random forest importance performed best during classification. However, all methods suffered from low sensitivity and generalization.

Conclusion

Investigation of more complex reduction and segmentation schemes with emphasis on the nature of HSI and optical properties of the skin is necessary. Insights on dimension reduction for skin tissue could facilitate the development of HSI-based systems for cancer margin detection at gross level.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Differentiating Peripherally Located Pulmonary Noncalcified Hamartoma From Carcinoid Using CT Radiomics Approaches

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
imageObjective This article aimed to differentiate noncalcified hamartoma from pulmonary carcinoid preoperatively using computed tomography (CT) radiomics approaches. Materials and Methods The unenhanced CT (UECT) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) data of noncalcified hamartoma (n = 73) and pulmonary carcinoid (n = 54; typical/atypical carcinoid = 13/41) were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into the training and validation sets. A total of 396 radiomics features were extracted from UECT and CECT, respectively. The features were selected by using the minimum redundancy maximum relevance and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator to construct a radiomics model. Clinical factors and radiomics features were integrated to build a nomogram model. The performance of clinical factors, radiomics, and nomogram models on the differential diagnosis between noncalcified hamartoma and carcinoid were investigated. Diagnostic performance of radiologists was also explored. Result In regard to distinguishing noncalcified hamartoma from carcinoid, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the clinical, radiomics, and nomogram models were 0.88, 0.94, and 0.96 in the training set UECT, and were 0.85, 0.92, and 0.96 in the training set CECT, respectively. The areas under the curve of the 3 models were 0.89, 0.96, and 0.96 in the validation set UECT, and were 0.79, 0.90, and 0.94 in the validation set CECT, respectively. The nomogram model exhibited good calibration and was clinically useful by decision curve analysis. Nomogram did not show significant improvement compared with radiomics, neither for UECT nor for CECT. Diagnostic performance of radiologists was lower than both radiomics and nomogram model. Conclusions Radiomics approaches may be useful in distinguishing peripheral pulmonary noncalcified hamartoma from carcinoid. Radiomics features extracted from CECT provided no significant benefit when compared with UECT.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Safety of different surgical modalities for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis resection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Background

Currently, the most common surgical modalities used for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) resection are microdebrider, carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser. However, complication rates vary among different surgical modalities and have been controversial in different studies.

Objective of Review

This study systematically reviews the available studies which reported intra-operative and post-operative complications, aiming to compare the safety of microdebrider, CO2 laser and KTP laser.

Type of Review

Meta-analysis.

Search Strategy

Seven electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE[Ovid], Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were searched from inception through 28 April 2022. Randomised controlled, prospective or retrospective observational studies that recorded the complications of three different surgical modalities for RRP resection were included in the meta-analysis.

Evaluation Method

Outcomes of interest were intra-operative and post-operative complications, and complication rate was calculated to evaluate the safety of surgical methods.

Results

Twenty different studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Only one study compared outcomes of those three kinds of treatment modalities simultaneously, two studies compared microdebrider and CO2 laser, and the remaining studies focussed on only one of three treatments. The weighted average complication rate for microdebrider was 0.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00–0.21), n = 6, for CO2 laser treatment was 0.16 (95% CI 0.09–0.25), n = 14 and for KTP laser treatment was 0.04 (95% CI 0.00–0.14), n = 4.

Conclusion

The limited evidence demonstrated that CO2 lasers in the surgical treatment of RRP may lead to more surgical complications, and microdebrider and KTP lasers may be safer. However, the heterogeneous data limit any strong comparison of outcomes of different treatment of laryngeal papillomas. Future randomised controlled trials that directly compare the safety of different surgical modalities are needed.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Spontaneous recovery rate of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Purpose

Steroids comprise the mainstay of treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Since steroidal treatment was integrated to clinical practice guidelines, newly published no-treatment or placebo arms in clinical trials are scarce. To evaluate the effectiveness of steroidal treatment ± hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the data should be compared to spontaneous recovery. The aim of this paper is to find the most accurate spontaneous recovery rate, in the light of which, other treatment modalities should be judged.

Materials and Methods

Eligible studies published until July 2021 were identified through systematic searches of 'PubMed', 'Web of Science' and 'Google Scholar'. Retrospective studies and randomised/non-randomised control trials involving only adult participants (≥18 years) with ISSNHL, and placebo/no treatment were included. Only articles that used the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery's diagnostic criteria for ISSNHL were included.

Results

942 records initially identified, 166 duplicates and 753 articles were excluded based on article subject, title, and abstract. The full texts of 13 articles were reviewed. Seven studies were included for qualitative synthesis, five papers included in quantitative synthesis. 180 ears were included in pooled statistics. The pooled spontaneous recovery was 60.28% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 38.88%–79.94%) with a heterogeneity of 86.0% (95% CI = 69.4%–93.6%).

Conclusions

Spontaneous recovery of ISSNHL should not be over-looked, as it may be close to 60%. This may have both clinical and research implications.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Efficacy of carbon dioxide laser and caustic agent cauterisation for the focal granular myringitis: A randomised trial

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Objectives

Granular myringitis (GM) is a troublesome disease with a high incidence of recurrence and relapse. CO2 laser vaporisation and trichloroacetic acid (TAA) have been applied in treating several otological diseases, both with favourable therapeutic efficacy. However, long-term therapeutic efficacy of both CO2 laser vaporisation and TAA cauterisation against GM has not yet been evaluated. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of CO2 laser vaporisation and TAA cauterisation in GM management.

Study Design

Prospective and randomised study.

Participants

A total of 88 GM patients who failed therapy with boric acid, alcohol and glycerin ear drop otic solution between July 2009 and January 2018 were included. Participants were randomly assigned to receive CO2 laser vaporisation (n = 39) or TAA cauterisation (n = 49).

Main Outcome Measures

Main outcomes were treatment success, complications after 4 months of treatment, and recurrence within 4–12 months after treatment.

Results

The success rate was significantly higher in the CO2 group than in the TAA group (94.9% vs. 77.6%, p = .023). After 4 months of treatment, the GM recurrence rate was comparable between the two groups (13.5% vs. 18.4%, p = .562). The CO2 laser group had one case of perforation and one case of severe vertigo, whereas one participant in the TAA cauterisation group experienced hearing loss.

Conclusion

Both TAA cauterisation and CO2 laser vaporisation are safe and effective treatments for GM. The success rate of CO2 laser vaporisation for treating GM is higher than that of TAA cauterisation. Recurrence rates are comparable within 1 year.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Oral Dysfunction in Patients with Oral Cancer Could Occur Before Treatment and Require Early Nutritional Improvement: A Cross-Sectional Study

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
via Dysphagia
AbstractPatients with oral cancer have poor nutritional status before treatment. However, there have been no reports of the detailed evaluation of preoperative oral function in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the preoperative oral function of patients with OSCC and examine the relationship with nutritional status. Oral function measurements (microorganisms, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue pressure, masticatory function, Eating  Assessment Tool, and Postoperative Oral Dysfunction Scale) and Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) data were collected from 51 patients with OSCC (men: 37, women: 14, mean age: 72.1 years) who visited the Shimane University Hospital, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, from Septe...
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

A Systematic and Universal Artificial Intelligence Screening Method for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: Improving Diagnosis Through Risk Management

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
via Dysphagia
AbstractOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is underdiagnosed and current screening is costly. We aimed: (a) to develop an expert system (ES) based on machine learning that calculates the risk of OD from the electronic health records (EHR) of all hospitalized older patients during admission, and (b) to implement the ES in a general hospital. In an observational, retrospective study, EHR and swallowing assessment using the volume-viscosity swallow test for OD were captured over 24  months in patients >  70 yr admitted to Mataró Hospital. We studied the predictive power for OD of 25,000 variables. ES was obtained using feature selection, the final prediction model was built with non-linear methods (Random Forest). The database included 2809 older patients (mean age 82.47 ± 9.33 yr),...
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Effect of the Effortful Swallow on Pharyngeal Cavity Volume: Kinematic Analysis in Three Dimensions Using 320-Row Area Detector Computed Tomography

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
via Dysphagia
This study evaluated the effects of the effortful swallow (ES) on pharyngeal cavity volume using three-dimensional kinematic analyses. Nine healthy volunteers (30.7  ± 7.8 years old) underwent a CT scan while swallowing 10 ml of honey thick liquid using no maneuvers (control) and during an ES. Upper and lower volumes (bordered by valleculae) of the pharyngeal air column and the bolus were measured at every frame and were compared between ES and control s wallows. Duration of pharyngeal obliteration and the timing of swallowing events were also measured. Maximum volume and volume at the onset of hyoid anterosuperior movement using ES were significantly smaller than those in control swallows (p = 0.012,p = 0.015) in the upper pharynx but not significantly different in lower ph...
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Application of Ultrasonography in Neurogenic Dysphagia: A Systematic Review

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
via Dysphagia
AbstractSwallowing disorders are common in neurological diseases, with dysphagia representing one of the most prevalent complications that may cause poor quality of life, reduce independence, and increase mortality. Rapid identification of dysphagia is necessary to reduce the risk of penetration and aspiration, and to early start rehabilitation protocols. Among the methods that can be used to evaluate dysphagia and its components, ultrasound imaging has been suggested to support the evaluation of dysphagia by providing measures of both static and dynamic anatomical components. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in neurogenic dysphagia according to current literature. From 2000 to 2020, 633 studies with the appropriate search terms for ultraso...
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:

Use of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray for urine analysis: A preliminary investigation

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
Use of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray for urine analysis: A preliminary investigation

SEM–EDX identification of calcium oxalate (a) and struvite (b) crystals according to their elemental composition.


Abstract

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) are powerful tools to study the ultrastructure of numerous specimens and to determine their elemental composition, respectively. However, results have not yet been reported on their application to urine samples in routine clinical laboratory practice. Herein we investigate urine sediment by using SEM and EDX to detect and identify different urine components. A total of 206 urine samples from patients with and without urinary tract infections were analyzed using SEM and EDX. Microorganisms, crystals, epithelial cells, leukocytes, and erythrocytes were targeted in urine sediment samples. The identification of urine components was based on their morphology, size, contrast, and elemental composition. SEM-analysis allowed us to identify and classify microorganisms in urine sediments into the categories of gram-negative bacilli, cluster cocci, chain cocci, gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive bacilli, and yeasts. In ad dition, various types of epithelial cells such as renal, transitional, and squamous epithelial cells were found. Furthermore, leukocytes and erythrocytes were well identified, with the detection of various morphological forms of erythrocytes, such as dysmorphic and isomorphic erythrocytes. Using SEM–EDX analysis, calcium oxalate was the most frequently-identified crystal (92.0%), with prominent peaks of C, O, and Ca elements, followed by struvite (6%), with peaks of Mg, P, O, and N. These preliminary data suggest that the two complementary SEM–EDX analyses can be used to detect and identify microorganisms and crystals in urine samples. Further studies are still needed to apply SEM–EDX to urine sediment analysis.
View on Web
στις Δεν υπάρχουν σχόλια:
Εγγραφή σε: Αναρτήσεις (Atom)