Epistaxis and arterial hypertension: a pathogenic link

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Epistaxis and arterial hypertension: a pathogenic link Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):72-77. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601172. ABSTRACT THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH: Was to study changes in the nasal mucosa vessels in hypertensive patients suffering from recurrent epistaxis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 78 hypertensive patients aged between 50 and 70, admitted due to epistaxis were studied. Diabetic, coagulopathic patients and those taking anticoagulants were excluded from the research. All the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (46 people) with a single epistaxis, group 2 (32 people) with a recurrent epistaxis. At the admission time all the patients showed elevated arterial pressure, yet the differences between the patients of group 1 and group 2 were not significant. 14 patients of group 2 did not reveal any source of hemorrhage due to a severely deviated septum. These patients underwent septoplasty followed by mucoperichondrium biopsy. Histological study of samples showed multip le erosions within the epithelial layer, as well as necrotic patches spreading to the deeper mucous coat layers. The microvasculature showed dystrophic changes in the endothelium, its focal desquamation with basal membrane exposure and thrombocytes and erythrocytes adhesion at such places, erythrocyte aggregation, plasma separation, erythrocyte and fibrinous thrombi formation. Ultrastructural investigation revealed dystrophic changes in the capillary endothelium of the nasal mucosa combined with rheological disorders expressed as erythrocytes sludge. Thus, the cause of epistaxis is not high arterial pressure, but those changes in the nasal mucosa vessels promoted by long arterial hypertension. PMID:33720656 | DO I:10.17116/otorino20218601172 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for children 2-5 years old with symptoms of acute viral rhinosinusitis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for children 2-5 years old with symptoms of acute viral rhinosinusitis Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):46-50. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601146. ABSTRACT In an open, randomized prospective comparative clinical study in parallel groups of patients with a diagnosis of acute respiratory infection, acute rhinosinusitis, 107 children aged 4-5 years took part. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of various treatment regimens for acute viral rhinosinusitis in children. We compared the treatment effectiveness of acute viral rhinosinusitis using the herbal medicine Sinupret in the form of oral drops, standard treatment and standard treatment supplemented with topical antibacterial drugs. The objectivity of treatment effectiveness evaluation was based on the complaints' dynamics, the changes' presence in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity within 10 days: at the initial visit, after 3 days, on the 7th and 10th days after the initial examination. A follow-up visit wa s also scheduled for the 14th day. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that the Sinupret usage in the complex treatment of children with viral etiology acute rhinosinusitis contributes to a more pronounced positive symptoms' dynamics compared to children who did not receive Sinupret. Sinupret eliminates mucostasis, which contributes to a faster restoration of the drainage and ventilation function of the auditory tube, restores mucociliary clearance, improves the condition and well-being of children, improves the effectiveness of therapy and shortens the treatment time. PMID:33720651 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601146 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cycloferon in local immunotherapy in patients with virus-associated rhinitis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cycloferon in local immunotherapy in patients with virus-associated rhinitis Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):78-81. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601178. ABSTRACT Evaluation of the effectiveness of various schemes of local immunotherapy in immunocompromised patients with allergic rhinitis was carried out. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comparative analysis of the treatment of 72 patients with allergic rhinitis, divided into groups: I (main, n=21), which included immunocompromised patients who received sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy with antipollin and inhaled immunotherapy with cycloferon (every other day, a course of 10 procedures, the total dose of Cycloferon per course is 1250 mg); II (comparison, n=22) - immunocompromised patients who received monotherapy with antipollinum and III (control, n=29) - patients with allergic rhinitis without signs of immunocompromise, who also received antipollinum. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed by the quality of life (RQLQ questionnai re), the severity of nasal symptoms (the patient's self-observation diary) and the need for drugs after a course of intranasal immunotherapy. RESULTS: The inclusion of cycloferon in the treatment of immunocompromised patients with allergic rhinitis increased its effectiveness - the severity of nasal symptoms decreased: in terms of sneezing, a decrease of 53.5 times versus 1.82 - in the control, «nasal congestion» - 6.3 times versus 2.6 - in the control, «itching in the nose» - 4.9 and 4.2 times, respectively (p<0.05). The changes had a positive effect on the total indicator of the quality of life of patients - an increase of 6.2 times (by 83.7%) (p>0.05) and significantly reduced the need for cromones (18 times, versus 10.3 - in the group comparison), inhaled corticosteroids (10.4 times versus 8 times in the comparison group, and in decongestans - 8.1 times versus 6.1 - in the comparison group (p>0.05)). CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of local immunotherapy with cycloferon and sublingual allergen-specific immunotherapy with antipollinum in immunocompromised patients with allergic rhinitis is the first-line method of choice that statistically significantly changes the quality of life of patients. PMID:33720657 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601178 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Method of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with plastic stoma formation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Method of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with plastic stoma formation Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):58-62. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601158. ABSTRACT The article presents modern methods of surgical treatment of chronic dacryocystitis, a brief historical review of various options for endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is carried out. The method of plastic seamless formation of dacryocystostomy, which does not require intubation of the lacrimal passages and/or using of silicone stoma dilators, is described. Between 2010 and 2019 at The State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of Moscow Area Moscow regional research clinical institute n.a. M.F. Vladimirskiy, according to the developed technique, 32 patients (32 eyes) with chronic dacryocystitis were operated on. According to the results of observation 1 year after surgical treatment, all 100% of patients recorded a positive result (absence or significant decrease in lacrimation, good anatomical visualization of dacryocystostomy with a good tear passage, both passive and during washing the lacrimal passages). PMID:33720653 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601158 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Childhood hearing screening: achievements, difficulties, and possible ways to improve

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Childhood hearing screening: achievements, difficulties, and possible ways to improve Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):82-89. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601182. ABSTRACT Hearing impairment is the most common sensory impairment that is seen among adults and children. The frequency of congenital hearing loss is well-known due to implementation of newborn hearing screening. Hearing may change throughout a lifetime due to different factors and, therefore, the number of hearing impaired children increases with age. Introduction of universal newborn hearing screening has enabled earlier detection of hearing loss including unilateral and minimal disorders. Nevertheless, despite significant progress made in this field, there is still a group of hearing impairments that stay undiagnosed timely. Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorders, late-onset hearing loss, low-frequency and minimal hearing impairment are sometimes missed in newborn hearing screening or they manifest later. These types of hearing disorders are covered in detail in this review as well as possible ways of increasing the effectiveness of early diagnosis. PMID:33720658 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601182 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Speech and spatial characteristics of hearing in older age groups using virtual reality technologies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Speech and spatial characteristics of hearing in older age groups using virtual reality technologies Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):20-24. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601120. ABSTRACT Spatial and speech characteristics of hearing are needed to monitor the rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss in patients of older age groups. Using the created «Program for the assessment of speech, spatial and qualitative characteristics of hearing using virtual reality» increases the level of hearing diagnostics using a computerized audiovisual script. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the speech, spatial and qualitative characteristics of hearing before and after using virtual reality in patients of older age groups. The results of the study showed that with good tolerance of virtual reality in 48.3% of patients, the answers to the questions of the SSQrus-12 questionnaire for assessing the spatial and speech characteristics of hearing became more objective. The developed methodology supplemented the group of modern diagn ostic methods for spatial and verbal hearing by immersing the patient in a virtual environment in the created audiovisual scenario. PMID:33720646 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601120 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Various types of vertigo and balance disorders in patients with Meniere's disease

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Various types of vertigo and balance disorders in patients with Meniere's disease Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):90-95. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601190. ABSTRACT Vertigo and balance disorders in Meniere's disease (MD) may have various etiology. The aim of the review is discussing pathogenetic mechanisms of the typical vertiginous paroxysms in MD, resulting from endolymphatic hydrops as well as analysis of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical course and basic treatment of paroxysmal and permanent forms of vertigo and balance disorders, caused by other conditions, associated with MD. We discussed the course of MD complicated by vestibular migraine, benign positional paroxysmal vertigo, functional dizziness, bilateral vestibulopathy and vestibular drop-attacks. PMID:33720659 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601190 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Small salivary glands in the paratonsillar space in children

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Small salivary glands in the paratonsillar space in children Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):41-45. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601141. ABSTRACT Was to study the changes in the small salivary glands in chronic tonsillitis and paratonsillar abscess in children. A histological examination of the palatine tonsils of 22 children aged 5 to 14 years old who had a paratonsillar abscess and 18 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis was carried out. Fragments of small salivary glands, located both superficially, in the mucous membrane between the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium and the lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsils, and between the muscles of the amygdala were found in 42 of the 80 (52.5%) tonsils studied. Along with the unchanged glandular structure, 26 (61.9%) samples revealed areas of destruction foci in small salivary glands with signs of inflammatory and compensatory regenerative activity. The presence of separate interlobular ducts of the salivary glands with pronounc ed periductal lymph - macrophage infiltration was noted. The subepithelial lymph-macrophage infiltrates found in the lamina propria are associated with the exit of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands to the surface of the mucous membrane. Many thin-walled veins are surrounded by perivascular lymphocellular infiltrates. The inflammatory and post-inflammatory changes in the small salivary glands revealed by us in children with chronic tonsillitis do not exclude their participation in the pathogenesis of paratonsillitis. At the same time, inflammation in the salivary gland can be both primary, as a result of its infection with live microorganisms from the tissues of the tonsil, and secondary, due to the compression of the excretory ducts by the edematous tissue of the tonsil in acute tonsillitis. PMID:33720650 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601141 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract and ear

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract and ear Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):96-102. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601196. ABSTRACT Neoplasms of the upper respiratory tract and ear are tumors of visual localization; however, patients often go to specialized medical institutions in the presence of a widespread tumor process. This paper presents a brief overview of the most common benign and malignant tumors with localization in the oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx and ear. The clinical picture, diagnosis and various treatment options are presented. Attention is paid to early diagnosis and the need for timely consultation with an oncologist and doctors of related specialties. PMID:33720660 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601196 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Clinical observation of a patient with bilateral tuberculous otitis media developing against the background of HIV infection

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical observation of a patient with bilateral tuberculous otitis media developing against the background of HIV infection Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):11-14. doi: 10.17116/otorino20218601111. ABSTRACT The lesion of middle ear as a variant of clinical manifestation of secondary tuberculosis, according to international scientific literature, is a rare condition. However, in terms of real clinical practice, the proportion of this pathology should not be underestimated due to the wide spread of tuberculosis infection among the population of developing countries, including the Russian Federation. One of the risk factors for the systemic spread of mycobacterial flora is a concomitant HIV infection, which often acts as an opportunistic pathological agent for tuberculosis. The treatment of such a state is always challenging because of the high aggressiveness of bacteria and the low immunological resistance of the patient. This article presents a clinical case of bilateral tuberculosis otitis media, which was a manifestation of tuberculosis infection that dev eloped on the background of HIV infection. PMID:33720644 | DOI:10.17116/otorino20218601111 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Virtual reality technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Virtual reality technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction Via Vestnik otorinolaringologii Vestn Otorinolaringol. 2021;86(1):103-107. doi: 10.17116/otorino202186011103. ABSTRACT Review of articles published in peer-reviewed international journals devoted to the issues of rehabilitation of patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction using virtual reality conditions. IN the review provides a neurophysiological rationale for the use of virtual reality techniques for rehabilitation, the technical methods used to recreate the virtual environment, as well as the published results of their clinical application. It is concluded that the application of virtual reality methods in clinical vestibulology is promising. The search was carried out using the search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, PMC, CrossRef, Science Direct. PMID:33720661 | DOI:10.17116/otorino202186011103 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.