Postoperative pain management in pediatric cleft lip and palate repair

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Postoperative pain management in pediatric cleft lip and palate repair Via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue Purpose of review There has been an increased interest in the literature on methods to improve perioperative outcomes in surgical patients while minimizing opioid use. Pediatric cleft palate repair can be a painful procedure, and this postoperative pain can lead to longer hospital stays and worse surgical outcomes. Recent findings Recent literature has explored four key areas surrounding analgesia after cleft lip and palate repair. These areas are management of postoperative pain with nonopioid oral analgesics, peripheral nerve blockade, liposomal bupivacaine for donor-site analgesia in bone grafting, and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols. Summary The included studies indicate that patients undergoing palatoplasty may have a decreased opioid requirement if nonopioid analgesics such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen are started early in the postoperative setting. Peripheral nerve blockade is an important adjunct to analgesia in these patients. Suprazygomatic maxillary nerve blockade may improve pain management over traditional infraorbital nerve blockade. In patients undergoing alveolar bone grafting, injection of liposomal bupivacaine into the donor site can significantly decrease oral opioid requirements. Finally, ERAS protocols are emerging ways to decrease postoperative pain in cleft palate patients. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Resurgence of regional flaps for head and neck reconstruction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Resurgence of regional flaps for head and neck reconstruction Via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue Purpose of review The strain on healthcare resources in light of the COVID-19 pandemic has forced many head and neck surgeons to explore reconstructive options that may decrease length of stay. Here, we review three common and versatile regional flaps used in head and neck reconstruction that are comparable alternatives to free tissue transfer. Recent findings Initial anatomic descriptions of the facial artery musculocutaneous (FAMM) flap, the supraclavicular artery island flap and the submental artery island flap were published decades ago. Since then, many have proposed modifications to these descriptions to improve technical ease and patient outcomes. Benefits of regional flaps include ease of harvest, comparable outcomes to free tissue microvascular flaps, shorter operative time and hospital length of stay. Drawbacks to regional flaps include limitations to size and reach, partial necrosis, wound dehiscence and surgeon experience. The integrity of the vascular pedicle is also contingent upon vessel preservation during the cancer ablation. Summary Although a resurgence of regional flaps began well before the COVID-19 pandemic, many institutions began looking for alternatives to free flap reconstruction to conserve healthcare resources and minimize patient hospitalization time in the past year. There has been a revival of regional flaps such as the FAMM, supraclavicular and submental flaps that are valuable reconstructive options for many defects of the head and neck. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Management of noncleft velopharyngeal insufficiency

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of noncleft velopharyngeal insufficiency Via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue Purpose of review Velopharyngeal insufficiency in the absence of an overt cleft-palate is a less common and often missed cause of a resonance disorder. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide the reader with an overview of the clinical assessment. Highlight the need for multidisciplinary involvement. Discuss the process of decision-making related to a repair and finally comment on the preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative considerations. Recent findings With the advent of small calibre videonasendoscopes, evaluation of the size, location, and closure pattern of the velopharyngeal gap has improved the surgeons' ability to provide a tailored repair. Evolutions in technique including posterior pharyngeal wall augmentation and buccal flap advancement in palatal lengthening have all increased the options available to the patient and treating team. Summary Multidisciplinary assessment by trained specialist from speech and language pathology and surgery remain the cornerstone in the evaluation and management of this patient cohort. Many have a chromosomal anomaly that should be tested for and managed accordingly. These patients are often diagnosed late and have developed additional compensatory speech disorders that often need to be addressed following repair of the palate. Targeted thoughtful assessment will allow for a greater likelihood of successful repair. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis Via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue Purpose of review Craniosynostosis, a condition of premature cranial suture fusion, can have significantly detrimental effects on development and growth due to sequelae of increased intracranial hypertension (ICP), exophthalmos, and upper airway obstruction. Evolving surgical treatments now include distraction osteogenesis (DO) due to its many benefits relative to standard cranial vault remodeling procedures. This article provides an overview and update of different surgical applications of DO for patients with craniosynostosis. Recent findings DO has been utilized successfully for single and multisuture craniosynostosis with or without midface hypoplasia to increase intracranial volume, decrease ICP and improve aesthetics. It has been applied in single suture synostosis, posterior vault DO, fronto-orbital advancement, monobloc DO and Le Fort III DO. DO has been applied through modification of traditional surgical procedures with success in maintaining goals of surgery while reducing risk. Summary DO is still a relatively new and evolving surgical technique for patients with syndromic and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. With promising benefits, consideration for each procedure should be weighed until longer-term data is available. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Botulinum toxin type a intralesional monotherapy for treating human hypertrophic scar in a dose-dependent manner: In an animal model

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Botulinum toxin type a intralesional monotherapy for treating human hypertrophic scar in a dose-dependent manner: In an animal model Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Jun 18:S1748-6815(21)00324-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.067. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:34244101 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.05.067 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Three-dimensional morphologic classifications and analysis of canal isthmuses in permanent molars

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Three-dimensional morphologic classifications and analysis of canal isthmuses in permanent molars Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02796-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the three-dimensional morphology of isthmuses in molars according to their boundary characteristics using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). METHODS: Micro-CT reconstructed images of 248 molars were evaluated. Isthmuses were classified into four types based on the boundary characteristics: isthmus with roof, isthmus with floor, band-shaped isthmus, and isthmus without boundary. The tooth and root with isthmuses, the number and location of the isthmuses in the root, and the canal configurations were recorded. The maximum of the major diameter of all canal cross-sections in one isthmus (dmax), the minor diameter of the canal in same cross-section (dmin), the distance between the dmax cross-section and apex (Dm-a), isthmus length (Li), and distance from the isthmus ending cross-section to apex (De-a) were measured and analysed with a significance threshold set to 5%. RESULTS: Isthmuses were present in 75.4% specimens. The four types of isthmuses were found in various molars and roots. Their distribution in different root locations and canal configurations was significantly different. The dmax, dmin, Li, and De-a were analysed according to different molars and different isthmus types; their respective median values were 2.508 mm, 0.07 mm, 3.09 mm, and 3.96 mm. CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional classification of isthmuses according to the boundary characteristics provides a comprehensive picture of the isthmus in molars. Their corresponding distributions in different molars, location in roots, and canal configurations will be helpful in predicting the type of isthmus based on the tooth position and canal configurations. PMID:34245350 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02796-5 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A comprehensive morphometric analysis of crista galli for sex determination with a novel morphological classification on computed tomography images

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A comprehensive morphometric analysis of crista galli for sex determination with a novel morphological classification on computed tomography images Via radiol anat Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Jul 10. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02799-2. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the morphometry of the crista galli (CG) on paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNCT) images to develop a new approach of morphological classification with objective radiological criteria and to investigate the relationship of morphometric and morphological characteristics with gender. METHODS: The height, width, and length of the CG wer e measured on the PNCT images of 533 subjects (266 males, 267 females). Based on the dimensions and the presence of the cavitary component of the CG, the CG was classified into three morphological types. The success of CG dimensions and new morphological classification of CG in the determination of gender was evaluated with ROC and Paired Logistic Regression analyses. RESULTS: The morphometric cutoff values of the height, width, and length of the CG for the estimation of gender were determined as 15.15, 3.45, and 13.25 mm, respectively. CG length (accuracy 83.7%) showed more successful classification rate on gender determination as compared to height (accuracy: 81.4%), and width (accuracy 81.2%) of the CG. The presence of ossified type CG accurately identified the male sex at a rate of 88.7%, and teardrop type CG determined female sex at a rate of 82.9%. Tubular type CG identified male sex correctly at the rate of 65.8%. CONCLUSION: The height, length, and width measurem ents of CG on PNCT images and the new morphological types recommended in this study can be used in the determination of gender with high accuracy rates. PMID:34245351 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02799-2 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Acoustic Voice Analysis of Normal and Pathological Voices in Indian Population Using Praat Software

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Acoustic Voice Analysis of Normal and Pathological Voices in Indian Population Using Praat Software Via Otolaryngology Indian Abstract Acoustic voice analysis is still a valuable technique which enables voice clinicians to compare voices to differentiate them into normal and abnormal. The present study was undertaken to standardize acoustic voice parameters in normal healthy adult individuals and gender comparison among them and also acoustic voice analysis of pathological voices and it's comparison with normal healthy voices. Voice samples of vowels /a/, /i/ and /u/ of 80 normal healthy adults (males = 40, females = 40) of control group and 40 patients with dysphonic voice of case group collected and acoustic voice parameters were extracted by using Praat software. There were statistically significant higher values of fundamental frequency (F0) in females, while jitter local (%), shimmer local (%) and harmonic to noise ratio (HNR) had no gender differences in normal healthy voices. Pathological voices of case group subjects with laryngeal pathologies had statistically significant high er values of jitter local (%), shimmer local (%) and lower values of HNR as compare to normal healthy voices of control group. Objective voice analysis by using Praat software is convenient, reliable and cost effective method. This study establishes normative acoustic voice parameters in normal healthy adults. There are no gender differences in adult healthy voices except fundamental frequency (F0), which is higher in females. Patients who are with dysphonic voices due to laryngeal pathologies had altered values of acoustic parameters compared to normophonic adults and clinicians can precisely differentiate pathological voices from normophonics. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus elective neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with a clinically N0 neck: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus elective neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with a clinically N0 neck: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies Via Head & Neck Abstract Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an emerging strategy for managing early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a clinically N0 (cN0) neck. However, the role of SLNB in this scenario is debatable. Herein, relevant literature was systematically reviewed, and a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the potential dividends of SLNB compared to elective neck dissection (END) for these patients. The meta-analysis, including six prospective studies, showed comparable results of the two management strategies in terms of regional recurrence (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–1.70), 5-year disease-free survival (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87–1.11), and 5-year overall survival (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90–1.13). Fewer adverse events occurred in the SLNB arm than in the END arm (RR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.70). Overall, SLNB results in as favorable an oncologic prognosis for patients with cN0 oral SCC as END, while sign ificantly lessening side effects and unnecessary surgeries. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Pretherapeutic Predictive Factors for Histological High‐Grade Parotid Gland Carcinoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Pretherapeutic Predictive Factors for Histological High‐Grade Parotid Gland Carcinoma Via The Laryngoscope Objective The histological grade of parotid gland carcinoma (PGC) is an important prognostic factor; however, the diagnosis prior to treatment has been challenging to make. This study aimed to investigate whether the pretreatment clinical findings, including hematological inflammatory, nutritional, and immune markers, could predict the histological grade of PGC. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods We retrospectively enrolled 111 patients with PGC and evaluated the correlation between histological grade and pretreatment clinical findings such as age, sex, tumor staging, facial nerve paralysis, pain or tenderness, adhesion to the surrounding tissues or tumor immobility, and hematological markers. Results Sixty patients (54%) were diagnosed with histological high-grade PGC. Univariate analysis revealed that age, T classification, N classification, TNM stage, facial nerve paralysis, adhesion/immobility, C-reactive protein (CRP), and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) were significant predictors of PGC histological grade. On multivariate analysis, high T classification (T3, 4), high N classification (≥1), and elevated CRP (≥0.22 mg/dL) were independent predictors of high-grade PGC. Conclusions Pretreatment T classification, N classification, and CRP are significant predictors of the histological grading of PGC. Our results are useful for treatment planning and obtaining appropriate informed consent from the patients before treatment. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Auditory Event Related Potentials in children with autism spectrum disorder

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Auditory Event Related Potentials in children with autism spectrum disorder Via cortical auditory Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jun 30;148:110826. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110826. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To analyze auditory cortical processing in high functioning ASD individuals. METHODS: Thirty individuals were included in the study (15 with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 15 with typical development), and their Auditory Event Related Potentials evaluation, elicited with tone burst and speech stimuli, were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between individuals with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder without intellectual disability and those with typical development in the auditory Event-related Potentials elicited with tone bursts or speech stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: The results of Auditory Event Related Potentials did not show any change at the cortical level in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. PMID:34246067 | DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110826 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.