Management of Low-Grade Gliomas – Extent of Resection Matters But Not All Tumours Are Amenable to Surgery

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Management of Low-Grade Gliomas – Extent of Resection Matters But Not All Tumours Are Amenable to Surgery via # Neuro-Oncology Current Issue Abstract AIMS To present and review our experience in the management of low-grade gliomas. METHOD Retrospective case note review of all patients with WHO grade 2 glioma from 2011 to 2018 (based on WHO criteria at time of diagnosis). Data collected on demographics, presentation, location, initial management, histology, treatment, progression free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS 130 eligible patients. Median follow 4.6 years (up to 10.5). Median age 40 years (range: 18-83). There were 70 (53.8%) astrocytomas, 44 (33.8%) oligodenrogliomas, 16 (12.3%) oligoastrocytomas. 66%(n=86) presented with seizures, 10.7%(n=14) with sensory symptoms, 8.5%(n=11) with speech disturbance, 5.3%(n=4) with motor symptoms and 12.3%(n=16) were identified incidentally. 50.1%(n=65) were frontal, 27.7%(n=36) temporal and 9.2%(n=12) parietal. 1st line treatment was resection in 70.7%(n=92), biopsy in 23.8%(n=31) and observation in 4.6%(n=6). 15.4 %(n=20) received adjuvant radiotherapy alone and 6.1%(n=8) received adjuvant radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy . At first recurrence, 31.6%(n=12) received further surgery and 95%(n=38) received radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy . Median PFS from 1st line treatment 66, 44 and 33 months for gross total resection (GRT), subtotal resection (STR), and biopsy respectively. Overall survival was 95.1%, 79.3% and 69.% for GTR, STR and biopsy respectively. CONCLUSION Management of low-grade gliomas remains challenging. Extent of resection impacts prognosis but not all patients have gliomas amenable to surgery. The effects of chemoradiotherapy will be presented in future meetings as this is an ongoing project. View on Web

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Development of chemiluminescent lab‐on‐fiber immunosensor for rapid point‐of‐care testing of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and evaluation of longitudinal immune response kinetics following three‐dose inactivation virus vaccination

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Development of chemiluminescent lab‐on‐fiber immunosensor for rapid point‐of‐care testing of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies and evaluation of longitudinal immune response kinetics following three‐dose inactivation virus vaccination via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Developing reliable, rapid, and quantitative point-of-care testing (POCT) technology of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and understanding longitudinal vaccination response kinetics are highly required to restrain the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We demonstrate a novel portable, sensitive, and rapid chemiluminescent lab-on-fiber detection platform for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: the c-LOFI. Using SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 RBD protein functionalized fiber bio-probe, the c-LOFI can detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies with high sensitivity based on their respective HRP labeled secondary antibodies. The limits of detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were 0.6 ng/mL and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The c-LOFI was successfully applied for direct detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in whole blood samples with simple dilution, which can serve as a finger prick test to rapidly detect antibodies. Furthermore, the l ongitudinal immune response (>12 months) kinetics following three-dose inactivated virus vaccines was evaluated based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection results, which can provide importance significance for understanding the immune mechanism against COVID-19 and identify individuals who may benefit from the vaccination and booster vaccination. The c-LOFI has great potential to become a sensitive, low-cost, rapid, high-frequency POCT tool for the detection of both SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and other biomarkers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Partial laryngectomy for naïve pT3N0 laryngeal cancer: Systematic review on oncological outcomes

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Partial laryngectomy for naïve pT3N0 laryngeal cancer: Systematic review on oncological outcomes via Head & Neck Abstract The first aim was to define the oncologic outcomes of open partial laryngectomy (OPL) in naïve pT3 laryngeal cancer. The second aim was to analyze the outcomes after OPL versus total laryngectomy (TL). A literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) until January 2022. In 805 patients treated with OPL, 5-year OS, DSS, DFS and LFS were 80.5% (95% CI 70.6–87.6), 83.4% (95% CI 75.7–89), 77.4% (95% CI 66.3–85.7) and 77.9% (95% CI 68.7–85), respectively. Three articles compared TL versus OLP: 5-year OS, DSS and DFS risk difference were 0.100 (95% CI −0.092 to 0.291), 0.067 (95% CI −0.085 to 0.220) and 0.018 (95% CI −0.164 to 0.201) respectively. OPL for selected pT3 laryngeal cancer is able to guarantee a high percentage of oncological success. Accurate patient selection is of utmost importance to differentiate advanced disease amenable to conservative surgery. View on Web

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Innate immune activation without immune cell infiltration in brains of murine models of Aicardi–Gutiérrez Syndrome

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Innate immune activation without immune cell infiltration in brains of murine models of Aicardi–Gutiérrez Syndrome via Brain Pathology The brains of 8-week-old wildtype (WT) mice (left) and mice carrying mutations (D1113H) in the ADAR1 gene (right) probed for expression of Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG-15) using In situ hybridization (red). WT mice show little to no expression of ISG-15 while ADAR1 mutant mouse brain shows a broad and chaotic distribution of expression throughout the brain (8 of many foci circled). Abstract Chronic inflammation is frequently invoked as a mechanism of neurodegeneration and yet inflammatory cell infiltrates are seldom seen in brains of these disorders. Different disciplines utilize different technologies and methodologies to describe what is immunologically defined as the innate immune response (IIR). We examined murine models of the human neurodegenerative disease Aicardi–Gutiérrez Syndrome, where an IIR is initiated by aberrant RNA metabolism secondary to a mutation in adenosine deaminase acting on RNA gene (ADAR1). We previously showed that these mice demonstrated a deficit in RNA editing that lead to MDA-5 mediated RNA sensing pathway activation of the IIR with massive interferon stimulated gene transcription and translation. As early as 2 weeks of age, in situ hybridization demonstrated that different central nervous system (CNS) cell lineages expressed very high levels of distinct interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) in the absence of interferon and absence of immune cell infiltrates. We have expanded these studies to more completely describe the breadth of ISG expression systemically and in CNS using double label in situ hybridization. Within the CNS aberrant ISG expression was mostly limited to neurons, microglia, ependyma, choroid plexus, and endothelial cells with little expression in oligodendroglia and astrocytes except for STAT1. Wild type controls showed a similar pattern of ISG expression but only in aged mice and at levels minimally detectable by in situ hybridization. Despite months of elevated ISG expression in mutant mice, there was essentially no inflammatory infiltrate, no interferon production and minimal glial reaction. Histomorphological neurodegenerative pathology of ventricular dilatation and deep gray matter mineralization were evident in mutant mice 8–13 months of age but this did not show a spatial relationship to ISG expression. This IIR without immune cell infiltration leads to neurodegeneration through non-c anonical pathways that may accentuate normal aging pathways. View on Web

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Genetic Polymorphism in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha gene (G‐308A) is associated with Persistent Apical Periodontitis in Brazilians

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Genetic Polymorphism in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha gene (G‐308A) is associated with Persistent Apical Periodontitis in Brazilians via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim To investigate if there was an association between genetic polymorphisms in TNF-⍺ and its receptors TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) in Brazilian subjects. Methodology Patients who had pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis installed at the time of treatment, with at least one-year of follow-up after non-surgical root canal treatment were recalled. 378 subjects were included, 150 subjects with signs/symptoms of PAP and 228 subjects with root canal–treated teeth exhibiting healthy perirradicular tissues (healed). Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and used for TNF-⍺ (rs1800629), TNFRSF1A (rs1800693) and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622) genotyping by real-time PCR. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were evaluated by c2 or Fisher's exact tests and odds ratio were implemented (𝛂= 5%). Results The genetic polymorphism in TNF-α (rs1800629) was associated as a protective factor for the development of PAP (p<0.05), once subjects who presented at least one allele A (AA+AG X GG), had a higher chance to lesion repair (p<0.05). The polymorphisms rs1800693 and rs1061622 in TNF receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B respectively) were not associated with the development of PAP (p>0.05). Conclusions The observed results demonstrate that polymorphism in TNF-α but not in its receptors is associated with PAP. View on Web

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