Morphology, chemical composition and nanostructure of single carbon-rich particles studied by transmission electron microscopy: source apportionment in workroom air of aluminium smelters

Abstract

Sources of C-rich particles at work places in two aluminium smelters in Norway were studied by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Based on morphology, nanostructure and chemistry, three different types of C-rich particles are distinguished: (a) chain-like agglomerates (70–100 % by number, relative to the sum of C-rich particles) consisting of primary particles with typical onion-shell structure of graphene layers, (b) multi-walled carbon nanotube particles (≈3 %) and (c) spheres or agglomerates of amorphous C-rich particles (0–30 %). Chain-like agglomerates are interpreted as diesel soot in accordance with literature data on primary particle diameter, chemical composition and nanostructure of primary particles. The source of the observed multi-walled carbon nanotubes is not known. The amorphous C-rich particles most likely consist of organic carbon species which cannot be characterized further by X-ray microanalysis. Unaltered graphitic electrode material was not found among the C-rich particles. The high fraction of diesel soot particles indicates that elemental carbon is generally suited as proxy for diesel soot in aluminium smelters. However, due to the presence of carbon nanotubes and amorphous C-rich particles, detailed characterization of sources of carbon-rich particles by electron microscopy is recommended for accurate assessment of adverse health effects.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OE1ZVl
via IFTTT

Evaluation of performance reference compounds (PRCs) to monitor emerging polar contaminants by polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) in rivers

Abstract

In this work, a method combining polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was assessed for the determination of two corrosion inhibitors (benzotriazole and methylbenzotriazole), seven pesticides (atrazine, diuron, isoproturon, linuron, metolachlor, penconazole, terbuthylazine), and four pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, metformin, sulfamethoxazole) in river water. As a first step, two POCIS sorbents, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and Strata X-CW, were compared. The comparison of the uptake profiles of the studied compounds showed that the HLB sorbent provides better uptake (higher sampled amount and better linearity) than Strata X-CW except for the basic compound metformin. Since the sampling rate (R _s) of POCIS depends on environmental factors, seven compounds were evaluated as potential performance reference compounds (PRCs) through kinetic experiments. Deisopropylatrazine-d5 (DIA-d5) and, as far as we know, for the first time 4-methylbenzotriazole-d3 showed suitable desorption. The efficiency of both compounds to correct for the effect of water velocity was shown using a channel system in which POCIS were exposed to 2 and 50 cm s⁻¹. Finally, POCIS were deployed upstream and downstream of agricultural wine-growing and tree-growing areas in the Lienne River and the Uvrier Canal (Switzerland). The impact of the studied areas on both streams could be demonstrated.

Graphical Abstract

Photos of POCIS in the channel system (left, top), a POCIS in the cage (left, middle) and in the channel (left, bottom) and desorption kinetics (right, top) of PRCs (DIA-d5 and 4-methylbenzotriazol-d3) and estimated concentrations for methylbenzotriazol in the real river using DIA-d5 or 4-methylbenzotriazold3 as PRC (right, bottom)

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NxXrul
via IFTTT

Novel behavior of the chromatographic separation of linear and cyclic polymers

Abstract

In various polymerization processes, the formation of a wide variety of chains, not only in length but also in chemical composition, broadly complicates comprehensive polymer characterization. In this communication, we compare different stationary and mobile phases for the analysis of complex polymer mixtures via size-exclusion chromatography-mass spectrometry (SEC-MS). To the best of our knowledge, we report novel chromatographic effects for the separation of linear and cyclic oligomers for polyesters (PE) and polyurethanes (PUR). A complete separation for the different structures was achieved for both polymer types with a single-solvent system (acetonitrile, ACN) and without extensive optimization. Additionally, cyclic species were found to show an inverse elution profile compared to their linear counterparts, suggesting distinct physical properties between species.

Graphical abstract

Novel chromatographic separation of cyclic and linear polymers.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NxXrdW
via IFTTT

Surface-imprinted magnetic particles for highly selective sulfonamides recognition prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization

Abstract

In this work, novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using sulfamerazine as the template. With the controlled/living property of RAFT polymerization, the resulting MMIPs showed high selectivity for sulfonamides recognition. The MMIPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The static and selectivity binding experiments demonstrated the desirable adsorption capacity and high selectivity of the MMIPs. The developed MMIPs were used as the solid-phase extraction sorbents to selectively extract four sulfonamides from aqueous solution. The recoveries of the spiked pond water ranged from 61.2 to 94.1 % with RSD lower than 6.5 %. This work demonstrated a versatile approach for the preparation of well-constructed MMIPs for application in the field of solid-phase extraction.

Graphical Abstract

Surface-imprinted magnetic particles with high magnetism and binding capacity

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NxXrdN
via IFTTT

Optimized efficiency of mapping a site contaminated with dioxins by immunoassay compared to gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract

The use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) has shown promise as a complementary tool to gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). This is especially true due to its low cost, ease of sample preparation and fast sample turnaround time. One problem that was unaddressed by other research is how to increase the efficiency of ELISA to a point that makes it practical for the analysis of large groups of samples that can have a wide range of unknown PCDD/F concentrations; one ELISA test is unable to screen for PCDD/F concentrations that can range anywhere from background levels to upwards of 10,000 picograms toxic equivalents per gram of soil (pgTEQ g⁻¹). This paper resolves this problem by introducing a sample algorithm which enables the correct amount of dioxin to enter an ELISA tube from a sample (whose unknown PCDD/F concentration can range between 30 and 10,500 pgTEQ g⁻¹) in only two ELISA runs. In doing so, the time and cost benefits of ELISA are preserved. ELISA results for soils and sediment samples processed using the algorithm were then plotted on two site maps alongside their GC-HRMS counterparts. A comparison of both analytical methods showed that areas of high and low PCDD/F concentrations were equally identifiable with either analytical tool; 29 of 32 sample locations on the site maps were placed into the same of three possible screening levels. Therefore, processing ELISA samples through the sample algorithm achieves the necessary level of efficiency while producing virtually equal screening results in comparison to GC-HRMS but at a fraction of the cost. The agreement between GC-HRMS and ELISA was 94 % (R ² = 0.99, n = 53). GC-HRMS and ELISA results were significantly correlated (Wilcoxon signed rank test p < 0.001).

Graphical Abstract

Dioxin-continated site mapped by ELISA (blue) and GC-HRMS (yellow) in pgTEQ per g of sediment

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NxXqXm
via IFTTT

Ultrasensitive electrospun fluorescent nanofibrous membrane for rapid visual colorimetric detection of H 2 O 2

Abstract

We report herein a flexible fluorescent nanofibrous membrane (FNFM) prepared by decorating the gold nanocluster (AuNC) on electrospun polysulfone nanofibrous membrane for rapid visual colorimetric detection of H₂O₂. The provision of AuNC coupled to NFM has proven to be advantageous for facile and quick visualization of the obtained results, permitting instant, selective, and on-site detection. We strongly suggest that the fast response time is ascribed to the enhanced probabilities of interaction with AuNC located at the surface of NF. It has been observed that the color change from red to blue is dependent on the concentration, which is exclusively selective for hydrogen peroxide. The detection limit has been found to be 500 nM using confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), visually recognizable with good accuracy and stability. A systematic comparison was performed between the sensing performance of FNFM and AuNC solution. The underlying sensing mechanism is demonstrated using UV spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corresponding disappearance of the characteristic emissions of gold nanoclusters and the emergence of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band, stressing this unique characteristic of gold nanoparticles. Hence, it is evident that the conversion of nanoparticles from nanoclusters has taken place in the presence of H₂O₂. Our work here has paved a new path for the detection of bioanalytes, highlighting the merits of rapid readout, sensitivity, and user-friendliness.

Graphical Abstract

Rapid visual colorimetric detection of H₂O₂

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OE1Zoh
via IFTTT

Abdel El Manira elected in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

KI Professor Abdel El Manira has been elected member of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in the Academy's Class for biosciences. Abdel El Manira is a professor at the Department of Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet since 2005. At the Academy's general meeting on 11 November El Manira was one of three new elected members. Read more on the KVA website.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NyuMWa
via IFTTT

Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 30736-30758: Portable Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Food Safety Assessment

The use of nanotechnology-derived products in the development of sensors and analytical measurement methodologies has increased significantly over the past decade. Nano-based sensing approaches include the use of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructures to enhance sensitivity and selectivity, design new detection schemes, improve sample preparation and increase portability. This review summarizes recent advancements in the design and development of NP-based sensors for assessing food safety. The most common types of NPs used to fabricate sensors for detection of food contaminants are discussed. Selected examples of NP-based detection schemes with colorimetric and electrochemical detection are provided with focus on sensors for the detection of chemical and biological contaminants including pesticides, heavy metals, bacterial pathogens and natural toxins. Current trends in the development of low-cost portable NP-based technology for rapid assessment of food safety as well as challenges for practical implementation and future research directions are discussed.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R0vNNe
via IFTTT

Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 30716-30735: The Bubble Box: Towards an Automated Visual Sensor for 3D Analysis and Characterization of Marine Gas Release Sites

Several acoustic and optical techniques have been used for characterizing natural and anthropogenic gas leaks (carbon dioxide, methane) from the ocean floor. Here, single-camera based methods for bubble stream observation have become an important tool, as they help estimating flux and bubble sizes under certain assumptions. However, they record only a projection of a bubble into the camera and therefore cannot capture the full 3D shape, which is particularly important for larger, non-spherical bubbles. The unknown distance of the bubble to the camera (making it appear larger or smaller than expected) as well as refraction at the camera interface introduce extra uncertainties. In this article, we introduce our wide baseline stereo-camera deep-sea sensor bubble box that overcomes these limitations, as it observes bubbles from two orthogonal directions using calibrated cameras. Besides the setup and the hardware of the system, we discuss appropriate calibration and the different automated processing steps deblurring, detection, tracking, and 3D fitting that are crucial to arrive at a 3D ellipsoidal shape and rise speed of each bubble. The obtained values for single bubbles can be aggregated into statistical bubble size distributions or fluxes for extrapolation based on diffusion and dissolution models and large scale acoustic surveys. We demonstrate and evaluate the wide baseline stereo measurement model using a controlled test setup with ground truth information.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NyuO08
via IFTTT

Water, Vol. 7, Pages 6931-6945: Uncertainty Analysis in the Evaluation of Extreme Rainfall Trends and Its Implications on Urban Drainage System Design

Future projections provided by climate models suggest that the occurrence of extreme rainfall events will increase and this is evidence that the climate is changing. Because the design of urban drainage systems is based on the statistical analysis of past events, variations in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall represent a critical issue for the estimation of rainfall. For this reason, the design criteria of drainage systems should take into account the trends in the past and the future climate changes projections. To this end, a Bayesian procedure was proposed to update the parameters of depth–duration–frequency (DDF) curves to assess the uncertainty related to the estimation of these values, once the evidence of annual maximum rainfall trends was verified. Namely, in the present study, the historical extreme rainfall series with durations of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h for the period of 1950–2008, recorded by the rain gauges located near the Paceco urban area (southern Italy), were analyzed to detect statistically significant trends using the non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test. Based on the rainfall trends, the parameters of the DDF curves for a five‐year return period were updated to define some climate scenarios. Finally, the implications of the uncertainty related to the DDF parameters estimation on the design of a real urban drainage system was assessed to provide an evaluation of its performance under the assumption of climate change. Results showed that the future increase of annual maximum precipitation in the area of study would affect the analyzed drainage system, which could face more frequent episodes of surcharge.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R0vQsk
via IFTTT

Water, Vol. 7, Pages 6910-6930: Modeling Typhoon‐Induced Alterations on River Sediment Transport and Turbidity Based on Dynamic Landslide Inventories: Gaoping River Basin, Taiwan

This study examines the impacts of storm‐triggered landslides on downstream sediment and turbidity responses in the Gaoping River Basin, Taiwan using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Attention is given to analyzing the increased and altered baseline of suspended sediment load and turbidity after the disturbances caused by the rainfall and landslides associated with Typhoon Morakot in 2009. SWAT parameters were calibrated by the observed hydrometric data from 1999 to 2003 using the log‐scale root‐mean‐square error (log‐RMSE) and Nash‐Sutcliffe Model Efficiency. Both parameter sets were applied for the simulation of suspended sediment yield and turbidity with annual updated landslide inventories for the period 2004–2012. The landslide updating mirrors the physical land‐cover changes and has slightly improved the model performance, yet landslides alone cannot explain the difference between Morakot‐induced and SWAT‐simulated sediment discharge. The set of parameters calibrated by log‐RMSE can better approximate the increased baseline and typhoon induced alterations. The results show alterations in sediment erosion and transport: (1) drastically increased the turbidity baseline and occurrence of high‐turbidity; (2) altered coefficient and exponent values of the sediment rating curve; and (3) altered relationship between rainfall and induced turbidity during major rainfall events. The research in this study provides an improved modeling approach to typhoon‐induced alterations on river sediment loads and turbidity.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1m2NGOJ
via IFTTT

Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 30759-30783: A Hybrid Indoor Localization and Navigation System with Map Matching for Pedestrians Using Smartphones

Pedestrian dead reckoning is a common technique applied in indoor inertial navigation systems that is able to provide accurate tracking performance within short distances. Sensor drift is the main bottleneck in extending the system to long-distance and long-term tracking. In this paper, a hybrid system integrating traditional pedestrian dead reckoning based on the use of inertial measurement units, short-range radio frequency systems and particle filter map matching is proposed. The system is a drift-free pedestrian navigation system where position error and sensor drift is regularly corrected and is able to provide long-term accurate and reliable tracking. Moreover, the whole system is implemented on a commercial off-the-shelf smartphone and achieves real-time positioning and tracking performance with satisfactory accuracy.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TJvwNr
via IFTTT

Pathogens, Vol. 4, Pages 869-882: Coordinated Molecular Cross-Talk between Staphylococcus aureus, Endothelial Cells and Platelets in Bloodstream Infection

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen often carried asymptomatically on the human body. Upon entry to the otherwise sterile environment of the cardiovascular system, S. aureus can lead to serious complications resulting in organ failure and death. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen in the bloodstream is due to its ability to express a wide array of cell wall proteins on its surface that recognise host receptors, extracellular matrix proteins and plasma proteins. Endothelial cells and platelets are important cells in the cardiovascular system and are a major target of bloodstream infection. Endothelial cells form the inner lining of a blood vessel and provide an antithrombotic barrier between the vessel wall and blood. Platelets on the other hand travel throughout the cardiovascular system and respond by aggregating around the site of injury and initiating clot formation. Activation of either of these cells leads to functional dysregulation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we will illustrate how S. aureus establish intimate interactions with both endothelial cells and platelets leading to cardiovascular dysregulation.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IKzEX4
via IFTTT

Sustainability, Vol. 7, Pages 16260-16272: Hydrogen Production in the Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic-Grade Synthetic Wastewater

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of domestic wastewater for anaerobic hydrogen production. High-strength and ordinary-strength organic loadings of synthetic wastewater, i.e., real-time domestic wastewater with and without a mixture of food waste, were tested. During operation at a high strength loading, the initial pH was maintained at 7 and then gradually decreased, and a pH of 5–5.5 was observed as the best experimental condition. A pH of 5–5.5 was controlled during the operation at an ordinary-strength loading. Maximum hydrogen yields of 1.125 mol H2/mol glucose and 1.01 mol H2/mol glucose were observed during operation at high (48 g COD/L·day) and ordinary (3 g COD/L·day) strength loadings in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively, with hydrogen contents of 42%–53%. The operating environment of the hydrogen production system was found to be very crucial because the metabolic pathway of the microorganism and production of intermediates were found to be dynamic with the controlled environment. Smaller COD removals of 30% and 26% were observed in high-strength and ordinarystrength loadings, respectively. Organic mass balance in terms of COD described the distribution of organics in the system via reactor byproducts. The findings of this study can be applied during the design of onsite domestic wastewater and energy recovery systems.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IKzHlz
via IFTTT

IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 15486-15497: Influenza Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among the Lebanese Adult Population

Background: Influenza is a common preventable infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. Vaccination is the most cost-effective measure to prevent influenza, yet the vaccine uptake is known to be low. No previous studies have assessed the rate of seasonal influenza vaccination use among the Lebanese population, nor examined the knowledge and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 30 pharmacies randomly selected across Lebanon. A 19-item questionnaire was used to record influenza vaccination status, knowledge and attitudes towards the influenza vaccine among the Lebanese general population. Results: The survey response rate was 93%. Among the 640 study participants, the overall 2014-2015 seasonal influenza vaccination rate was 27.6%. The majority of participants (72.4%) reported irregular uptake of the vaccine. Results of the multivariate analysis revealed that elderly people (OR = 2.25, CI = 1.08–4.71), with higher education (OR = 1.42, CI = 1.09–1.84), higher physical activity (OR significantly higher than 1 for all categories), and chronic respiratory disease (OR = 3.24, CI = 1.58–6.62) were more regularly vaccinated, while those who visit the doctor "only when needed" (OR = 0.55, CI = 0.34–0.88) and those who consume more than seven drinks/week (OR = 0.24, CI = 0.09–0.65) were less regularly vaccinated. When introducing knowledge and attitude variables to the model, "thinking that the vaccine was not needed" was the only correlate that demonstrated a significant inverse association with regular influenza vaccination (OR = 0.15; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Suboptimal vaccination rates exist among the Lebanese ambulatory adult population. Clear misinformation on the importance of regular influenza immunization is also highlighted. This evidence underscores a compelling need to raise public awareness regarding the efficacy of the influenza vaccine.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TJooR5
via IFTTT

Beverages, Vol. 1, Pages 341-353: Performance of Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration Membranes in the Clarification of Blood Orange Juice

The clarification of blood orange juice by ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated by using three hollow fiber membrane modules characterized by different membrane materials (polysulfone (PS) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)) and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) (50 and 100 kDa). The performance of selected membranes was investigated in terms of productivity and selectivity towards total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total antioxidant activity (TAA). All selected membranes allowed a good preservation of antioxidant compounds; however, the most suitable membrane for the clarification of the juice was found to be the PS 100 kDa membrane. In optimized operating conditions this membrane exhibited steady-state fluxes of 7.12 L/m2h, higher than those measured for other investigated membranes. Rejections towards TPC and TAA were of the order of 17.5% and 15%, respectively. These values were lower than those determined for PS 50 kDa and PAN 50 kDa membranes. In addition, the PS 100 kDa membrane exhibited a lower rejection (7.3%) towards TAC when compared to the PS 50 kDa membrane (9.2%).

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TJooAH
via IFTTT

Mouse Models of DNA Mismatch Repair in Cancer Research

Publication date: Available online 4 December 2015
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Kyeryoung Lee, Elena Tosti, Winfried Edelmann
Germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes are the cause of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer/Lynch syndrome (HNPCC/LS) one of the most common cancer predisposition syndromes, and defects in MMR are also prevalent in sporadic colorectal cancers. In the past, the generation and analysis of mouse lines with knockout mutations in all of the known MMR genes has provided insight into how loss of individual MMR genes affects genome stability and contributes to cancer susceptibility. These studies also revealed essential functions for some of the MMR genes in B cell maturation and fertility. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the cancer predisposition phenotypes of recently developed mouse models with targeted mutations in MutS and MutL homologs (Msh and Mlh, respectively) and their utility as preclinical models. The focus will be on mouse lines with conditional MMR mutations that have allowed more accurate modeling of human cancer syndromes in mice and that together with new technologies in gene targeting, hold great promise for the analysis of MMR-deficient intestinal tumors and other cancers which will drive the development of preventive and therapeutic treatment strategies.



from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TJekYo
via IFTTT

Characterization of γδ T-cells via flow cytometry

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1R0enjS
via IFTTT

Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 16519-16536: The Space-Borne SBAS-DInSAR Technique as a Supporting Tool for Sustainable Urban Policies: The Case of Istanbul Megacity, Turkey

In today's urbanizing world, home of 28 megacities, there is a growing need for tools to assess urban policies and support the design and implementation of effective development strategies. Unsustainable practices of urbanization bring major implications for land and environment, and cause a dramatic increase of urban vulnerability to natural hazards. In Istanbul megacity, disaster risk reduction represents a challenging issue for urban managers. In this paper, we show the relevance of the space-borne Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) technique as a tool for supporting risk management, and thus contributing to achieve the urban sustainability. To this aim, we use a dataset of high resolution SAR images collected by the TerraSAR-X satellite that have been processed through the advanced (multi-temporal) Small BAseline Subset (SBAS)—DInSAR technique, thus producing spatially-dense deformation velocity maps and associated time-series. Results allow to depict an up-to-date picture of surface deformations occurring in Istanbul, and thus to identify urban areas subject to potential risk. The joint analysis of remotely sensed measurements and ancillary data (geological and urban development information) provides an opportunity for city planners and land professionals to discuss on the mutual relationship between urban development policies and natural/man-made hazards.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1m2D3eR
via IFTTT

IJERPH, Vol. 12, Pages 15470-15485: “Grandma, You Should Do It—It’s Cool” Older Adults and the Role of Family Members in Their Acceptance of Technology

Despite its potential, the acceptance of technology to support the ability to live independently in one's own home, also called aging in place, is not optimal. Family members may play a key role in technology acceptance by older adults; however, it is not well understood why and how they exert influence. Based on open interviews with 53 community-dwelling older adults, this paper describes the influence of family members, including spouses, on the use of various types of consumer electronics by older adults as was reported by themselves. Such a broad focus enables understanding the use of technology as was reported by older adults, instead of its intended use. Our study reveals that the influence of each family member has its own characteristics. The influence of technology acceptance is a natural and coincidental part of the interaction with spouses and grandchildren in which entertainment and pleasure are prominent. This is also partly true for the influence of children, but their influence also is intentional and driven by concerns. Our study indicates the importance of including all family members when implementing technology in the lives of older adults. Besides information for children about the use(fullness) of devices, it is worthwhile to give grandchildren an important role, because older adults easily adopt their enthusiasm and it might eventually lighten the burden on children.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1N2aszd
via IFTTT

Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 16504-16518: The Mangroves of the Zambezi Delta: Increase in Extent Observed via Satellite from 1994 to 2013

Mangroves are recognized for their valued ecosystem services provision while having the highest carbon density among forested ecosystems. Yet they are increasingly threatened by deforestation, conversion to agriculture and development, reducing the benefits they provide for local livelihoods, coastal protection and climate change mitigation. Accordingly, accurate estimates of mangrove area and change are fundamental for developing strategies for sustainable use, conservation and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+). The Zambezi River Delta in Mozambique contains one of the largest mangrove forests in Africa, and deforestation has been reported to be substantial, however these estimates vary widely. We used Landsat imagery from 1994, 2000 and 2013, to estimate a total current mangrove area of 37,034 ha, which is a net increase of 3723 ha over 19 years. The land cover change assessment was also used to provide perspective on ecosystem carbon stocks, showing that the Zambezi Delta mangrove ecosystem acts as a large carbon sink. Our findings reinforce the importance of conducting land cover change assessments using coherent data and analytical models, coupled with field validation. Broader application of our approach could help quantify the rates of natural change from erosion and land aggradation contrasted with anthropogenic causes.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1LTXRtU
via IFTTT

Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 30704-30715: Preconcentration and Separation of Mixed-Species Samples Near a Nano-Junction in a Convergent Microchannel

A fluidic microchip incorporating a convergent microchannel and a Nafion-nanoporous membrane is proposed for the preconcentration and separation of multi-species samples on a single platform. In the device, sample preconcentration is achieved by means of the ion concentration polarization effect induced at the micro/nano interface under the application of an external electric field, while species separation is achieved by exploiting the different electrophoretic mobilities of the sample components. The experimental results show that the device is capable of detecting C-reactive protein (CRP) with an initial concentration as low as 9.50 × 10−6 mg/L given a sufficient preconcentration time and driving voltage. In addition, it is shown that a mixed-species sample consisting of three negatively-charged components (bovine serum albumin (BSA), tetramethylrhodamine(TAMRA) isothiocyanate-Dextran and fluorescent polymer beads) can be separated and preconcentrated within 20 min given a driving voltage of 100 V across 1 cm microchannel in length. In general, the present results confirm the feasibility of the device for the immunoassay or detection of various multi-species samples under low concentration in the biochemical and biomedical fields. The novel device can therefore improve the detection limit of traditional medical facilities.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SDZFwK
via IFTTT

Marine Drugs, Vol. 13, Pages 7285-7300: Isolation and Synthesis of Laxaphycin B-Type Peptides: A Case Study and Clues to Their Biosynthesis

The laxaphyci's B family constitutes a group of five related cyclic lipopeptides isolated from diverse cyanobacteria from all around the world. This group shares a typical structure of 12 amino acids from the l and d series, some of them hydroxylated at the beta position, and all containing a rare beta-amino decanoic acid. Nevertheless, they can be differentiated due to slight variations in the composition of their amino acids, but the configuration of their alpha carbon remains conserved. Here, we provide the synthesis and characterization of new laxaphycin B-type peptides. In doing so we discuss how the synthesis of laxaphycin B and analogues was developed. We also isolate minor acyclic laxaphycins B, which are considered clues to their biosynthesis.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SDZFgi
via IFTTT

Marine Drugs, Vol. 13, Pages 7275-7284: Biotechnological Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Aurantiochytrium limacinum: Carbon Sources Comparison And Growth Characterization

Aurantiochytrium limacinum, a marine heterotrophic protist/microalga has shown interesting yields of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when cultured with different carbon sources: glucose, pure and crude glycerol. A complete study in a lab-scale fermenter allowed for the characterization and comparison of the growth kinetic parameters corresponding to each carbon source. Artificial Marine Medium (AMM) with glucose, pure and crude glycerol offered similar biomass yields. The net growth rates (0.10–0.12 h−1), biomass (0.7–0.8 g cells/g Substrate) and product (0.14–0.15 g DHA/g cells) yields, as well as DHA productivity were similar using the three carbon sources. Viable potential applications to valorize crude glycerol are envisioned to avoid an environmental problem due to the excess of byproduct.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1RuRHrk
via IFTTT

Sensors, Vol. 15, Pages 30693-30703: Corrosion Resistant FBG-Based Quasi-Distributed Sensor for Crude Oil Tank Dynamic Temperature Profile Monitoring

This article presents a corrosion resistant, maneuverable, and intrinsically safe fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based temperature optical sensor. Temperature monitoring is a critical activity for the oil and gas industry. It typically involves acquiring the desired parameters in a hazardous and corrosive environment. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was proposed as a means of simultaneously isolating the optical fiber from the corrosive environment and avoiding undesirable mechanical tensions on the FBGs. The presented sensor head is based on multiple FBGs inscribed in a lengthy single mode fiber. The sensor presents an average thermal sensitivity of 8.82 ± 0.09 pm/°C, resulting in a typical temperature resolution of ~0.1 °C and an average time constant value of 6.25 ± 0.08 s. Corrosion and degradation resistance were verified by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy during 90 days exposure to high salinity crude oil samples. The developed sensor was tested in a field pilot test, mimicking the operation of an inland crude tank, demonstrating its abilities to dynamically monitor temperature profile.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SDZFg8
via IFTTT

Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 16480-16503: A Hybrid Model for Mapping Relative Differences in Belowground Biomass and Root:Shoot Ratios Using Spectral Reflectance, Foliar N and Plant Biophysical Data within Coastal Marsh

Broad-scale estimates of belowground biomass are needed to understand wetland resiliency and C and N cycling, but these estimates are difficult to obtain because root:shoot ratios vary considerably both within and between species. We used remotely-sensed estimates of two aboveground plant characteristics, aboveground biomass and % foliar N to explore biomass allocation in low diversity freshwater impounded peatlands (Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, CA, USA). We developed a hybrid modeling approach to relate remotely-sensed estimates of % foliar N (a surrogate for environmental N and plant available nutrients) and aboveground biomass to field-measured belowground biomass for species specific and mixed species models. We estimated up to 90% of variation in foliar N concentration using partial least squares (PLS) regression of full-spectrum field spectrometer reflectance data. Landsat 7 reflectance data explained up to 70% of % foliar N and 67% of aboveground biomass. Spectrally estimated foliar N or aboveground biomass had negative relationships with belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio in both Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha, consistent with a balanced growth model, which suggests plants only allocate growth belowground when additional nutrients are necessary to support shoot development. Hybrid models explained up to 76% of variation in belowground biomass and 86% of variation in root:shoot ratio. Our modeling approach provides a method for developing maps of spatial variation in wetland belowground biomass.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lDsQVM
via IFTTT

Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 16460-16479: Predicting Grapevine Water Status Based on Hyperspectral Reflectance Vegetation Indices

Several vegetation indices (VI) derived from handheld spectroradiometer reflectance data in the visible spectral region were tested for modelling grapevine water status estimated by the predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd). The experimental trial was carried out in a vineyard in Douro wine region, Portugal. A statistical approach was used to evaluate which VI and which combination of wavelengths per VI allows the best correlation between VIs and Ψpd. A linear regression was defined using a parameterization dataset. The correlation analysis between Ψpd and the VIs computed with the standard formulation showed relatively poor results, with values for squared Pearson correlation coefficient (r2) smaller than 0.67. However, the results of r2 highly improved for all VIs when computed with the selected best combination of wavelengths (optimal VIs). The optimal Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI) and Normalized Difference Greenness Vegetation Index (NDGI) showed the higher r2 and stability index results. The equations obtained through the regression between measured Ψpd (Ψpd_obs) and optimal VARI and between Ψpd_obs and optimal NDGI when using the parameterization dataset were adopted for predicting Ψpd using a testing dataset. The comparison of Ψpd_obs with Ψpd predicted based on VARI led to R2 = 0.79 and a regression coefficient b = 0.96. Similar R2 was achieved for the prediction based on NDGI, but b was smaller (b = 0.93). Results obtained allow the future use of optimal VARI and NDGI for estimating Ψpd, supporting vineyards irrigation management.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IKe8BH
via IFTTT

Remote Sensing, Vol. 7, Pages 16441-16459: Temporal and Spatial Assessment of Four Satellite Rainfall Estimates over French Guiana and North Brazil

Satellite precipitation products are a means of estimating rainfall, particularly in areas that are sparsely equipped with rain gauges. The Guiana Shield is a region vulnerable to high water episodes. Flood risk is enhanced by the concentration of population living along the main rivers. A good understanding of the regional hydro-climatic regime, as well as an accurate estimation of precipitation is therefore of great importance. Unfortunately, there are very few rain gauges available in the region. The objective of the study is then to compare satellite rainfall estimation products in order to complement the information available in situ and to perform a regional analysis of four operational precipitation estimates, by partitioning the whole area under study into a homogeneous hydro-climatic region. In this study, four satellite products have been tested, TRMM TMPA (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis) V7 (Version 7) and RT (real time), CMORPH (Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing technique) and PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely-Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Network), for daily rain gauge data. Product performance is evaluated at daily and monthly scales based on various intensities and hydro-climatic regimes from 1 January 2001 to 30 December 2012 and using quantitative statistical criteria (coefficient correlation, bias, relative bias and root mean square error) and quantitative error metrics (probability of detection for rainy days and for no-rain days and the false alarm ratio). Over the entire study period, all products underestimate precipitation. The results obtained in terms of the hydro-climate show that for areas with intense convective precipitation, TMPA V7 shows a better performance than other products, especially in the estimation of extreme precipitation events. In regions along the Amazon, the use of PERSIANN is better. Finally, in the driest areas, TMPA V7 and PERSIANN show the same performance.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IKfqMT
via IFTTT

Energies, Vol. 8, Pages 13879-13893: Power Transmission Scheduling for Generators in a Deregulated Environment Based on a Game-Theoretic Approach

In a deregulated environment of the power market, in order to lower their energy price and guarantee the stability of the power network, appropriate transmission lines have to be considered for electricity generators to sell their energy to the end users. This paper proposes a game-theoretic power transmission scheduling for multiple generators to lower their wheeling cost. Based on the embedded cost method, a wheeling cost model consisting of congestion cost, cost of losses and cost of transmission capacity is presented. By assuming each generator behaves in a selfish and rational way, the competition among the multiple generators is formulated as a non-cooperative game, where the players are the generators and the strategies are their daily schedules of power transmission. We will prove that there exists at least one pure-strategy Nash equilibrium of the formulated power transmission game. Moreover, a distributed algorithm will be provided to realize the optimization in terms of minimizing the wheeling cost. Finally, simulations were performed and discussed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed non-cooperative game approach for the generators in a deregulated environment.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IKAoeI
via IFTTT

Marine Drugs, Vol. 13, Pages 7250-7274: Structure-Activity Relationship Study of the Neuritogenic Potential of the Glycan of Starfish Ganglioside LLG-3 ‡

LLG-3 is a ganglioside isolated from the starfish Linchia laevigata. To clarify the structure-activity relationship of the glycan of LLG-3 toward rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in the presence of nerve growth factor, a series of mono- to tetrasaccharide glycan derivatives were chemically synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The methyl group at C8 of the terminal sialic acid residue was crucial for neuritogenic activity, and the terminal trisaccharide moiety was the minimum active motif. Furthermore, the trisaccharide also stimulated neuritogenesis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was rapidly induced by adding 1 or 10 nM of the trisaccharide. The ratio of phosphorylated ERK to ERK reached a maximum 5 min after stimulation, and then decreased gradually. However, the trisaccharide did not induce significant Akt phosphorylation. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with the MAPK inhibitor U0126, which inhibits enzymes MEK1 and MEK2. In addition, U0126 inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in response to the trisaccharide dose-dependently. Therefore, we concluded that the trisaccharide promotes neurite extension in SH-SY5Y cells via MAPK/ERK signaling, not Akt signaling.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XHKhWI
via IFTTT

Energies, Vol. 8, Pages 13864-13878: Combustion and Emission Characteristics of an LNG Engine for Heat Pumps

A gas‐engine heat pump (GHP) is driven by an internal combustion engine fueled by natural gas. The objective of this research is to model the combustion and emission characteristics of a GHP engine and experimentally validate the model. In addition, the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boost systems were numerically investigated to find an NO and NO2 (NOx) reduction strategy. The ignition and combustion processes were modeled using the level set method and the DPIK model, and experimental data was used for validation. The models predicted engine performance and emissions for various equivalence ratios and spark timing. The study results show that late spark timing leads to reductions of the indicated specific fuel consumption (ISFC) and NOx emission, and the ISFC and NOx emissions increase with the equivalence ratio until the equivalence ratio reaches 0.9. The indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) increases with boost pressure and decreases with increase of EGR rate. Reductions of NOx emission and high IMEP can be achieved by employing a boost system and operating at the optimal operating point, from the performance and emission map.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lDmtSr
via IFTTT

Anatomy Of The Supraspinatus Muscle - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim

Educational video describing the anatomy of the supraspinatus rotator cuff muscle.


Become a friend on facebook:
http://ift.tt/1eMj35K

Follow me on twitter:
https://twitter.com/#!/DrEbraheim_UTMC

Donate to the University of Toledo Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Endowed Chair Fund:
http://ift.tt/1HCFAla

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ge2oeb4McE
via IFTTT

Screening of HER2 Overexpressed Breast Cancer Subtype In Vivo by the Validation of High-Performance, Long-Term, and Noninvasive Fluorescence Tracer

Analytical Chemistry

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03580

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1HLYGKj
via IFTTT

Solvatochromic Dyes as pH-Independent Indicators for Ionophore Nanosphere-Based Complexometric Titrations

Analytical Chemistry

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03663

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1HLYGtX
via IFTTT

Real Time Online Correction of Mass Shifts and Intensity Fluctuations in Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Analytical Chemistry

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04372

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1HLYECl
via IFTTT

THE TEAM From GOOD To GREAT! - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim

Educational video discussing how to make your team not just good, but GREAT!


Become a friend on facebook:
http://ift.tt/1eMj35K

Follow me on twitter:
https://twitter.com/#!/DrEbraheim_UTMC

Donate to the University of Toledo Foundation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Endowed Chair Fund:
http://ift.tt/1HCFAla

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZQA_TTjEb0
via IFTTT

Acute restraint stress induces specific changes in nitric oxide production and inflammatory markers in the rat hippocampus and striatum

Publication date: January 2016
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 90
Author(s): Hsiao-Jou Cortina Chen, Jereme G. Spiers, Conrad Sernia, Nickolas A. Lavidis
Chronic mild stress has been shown to cause hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) overexpression and the resultant nitric oxide (NO) production has been implicated in the etiology of depression. However, the extent of nitrosative changes including NOS enzymatic activity and the overall output of NO production in regions of the brain like the hippocampus and striatum following acute stress has not been characterized. In this study, outbred male Wistar rats aged 6–7 weeks were randomly allocated into 0 (control), 60, 120, or 240min stress groups and neural regions were cryodissected for measurement of constitutive and inducible NOS enzymatic activity, nitrosative status, and relative gene expression of neuronal and inducible NOS. Hippocampal constitutive NOS activity increased initially but was superseded by the inducible isoform as stress duration was prolonged. Interestingly, hippocampal neuronal NOS and interleukin-1β mRNA expression was downregulated, while the inducible NOS isoform was upregulated in conjunction with other inflammatory markers. This pro-inflammatory phenotype within the hippocampus was further confirmed with an increase in the glucocorticoid-antagonizing macrophage migration inhibitory factor, Mif, and the glial surveillance marker, Ciita. This indicates that despite high levels of glucocorticoids, acute stress sensitizes a neuroinflammatory response within the hippocampus involving both pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducible NOS while concurrently modulating the immunophenotype of glia. Furthermore, there was a delayed increase in striatal inducible NOS expression while no change was found in other pro-inflammatory mediators. This suggests that short term stress induces a generalized increase in inducible NOS signaling that coincides with regionally specific increased markers of adaptive immunity and inflammation within the brain.



from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1HLNxcz
via IFTTT

Momordin Ic couples apoptosis with autophagy in human hepatoblastoma cancer cells by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways

Publication date: January 2016
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 90
Author(s): Yashi Mi, Chunxia Xiao, Qingwei Du, Wanqiang Wu, Guoyuan Qi, Xuebo Liu
Momordin Ic is a principal saponin constituent of Fructus Kochiae, which acts as an edible and pharmaceutical product more than 2000 years in China. Our previous research found momordin Ic induced apoptosis by PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. While the role of autophagy in momordin Ic induced cell death has not been discussed, and the connection between the apoptosis and autophagy is not clear yet. In this work, we reported momordin Ic promoted the formation of autophagic vacuole and expression of Beclin 1 and LC-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with momordin Ic treatment alone, the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) also can inhibit apoptosis, while autophagy activator rapamycin (RAP) has the opposite effect, and the apoptosis inhibitor ZVAD-fmk also inhibited autophagy induced by momordin Ic. Momordin Ic simultaneously induces autophagy and apoptosis by suppressing the ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt and activating the ROS-related JNK and P38 pathways. Additionally, momordin Ic induces apoptosis by suppressing PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB pathways and promotes autophagy by ROS-mediated Erk signaling pathway. Those results suggest that momordin Ic has great potential as a nutritional preventive strategy in cancer therapy.



from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1N1Kcos
via IFTTT

Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine

The authors present a protocol to collect swine nasal wipes to detect and isolate influenza A viruses.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Q5InLc
via IFTTT

Exercise Protocol of Multisensory Rehabilitation in Treatment of the Complaints Vestibular: Clinical Trial Random

Condition:   Vestibular Diseases
Interventions:   Other: Intervention Group (IG);   Other: Control Group (CG)
Sponsor:   Viviane de Souza Pinho Costa
Not yet recruiting - verified August 2015

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1PGoo5T
via IFTTT

Effect of Triple Combination of Induction, Concurrent and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High Risk Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Condition:   Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Interventions:   Drug: Cisplatin 1;   Drug: Cisplatin 2;   Drug: Docetaxel;   Drug: Xeloda;   Radiation: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Sponsors:   Sun Yat-sen University;   Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University;   The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University;   The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Not yet recruiting - verified December 2015

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1N1ZYzW
via IFTTT

Histology-Guided High-Resolution Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Analytical Chemistry

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03610

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XGKA3V
via IFTTT

Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum

Human microRNAs translocate from host erythrocytes to Plasmodium falciparum parasites. Here, the techniques used to transfect synthetic microRNAs into host erythrocytes and isolate all RNAs from P. falciparum are described. In addition, this paper will detail a method of polysome isolation in P. falciparum to determine the ribosomal occupancy and translational potential of parasite transcripts.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IubPrr
via IFTTT

In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology

Particle-tracking microrheology investigates the viscoelasticity of materials. Here, the technique is used to determine the viscoelasticity, creep compliance and effective crosslinking roles of different matrix components of a bacterial biofilm. The matrix consists of polymeric substances secreted by the bacteria and its components determine biofilm structure and mechanical properties.

from #Medicine via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1lCleTn
via IFTTT