Smoking status before and after colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Smoking status before and after colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in Korean men: A population‐based cohort study Via Cancer Medicine This study found that both smoking before and after cancer diagnosis is associated with increased mortality rate among colorectal cancer patient. Quitting smoking after diagnosis was significantly related to diminished mortality among colorectal cancer patients receiving only operation, who is considered as early stage colorectal cancer patients, though smoking cessation after diagnosis among colorectal cancer patients who received radiotherapy or chemotherapy was not associated with significantly decreased mortality. Abstract Background Smoking is a well‐known risk factor for colorectal cancer incidence; however, the effect of smoking before and after cancer diagnosis on mortality has not been addressed well. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking status and mortality among colorectal cancer patients. Methods A retrospective cohort consisted of 37,079 male colorectal cancer patients. Smoking status was defined from information within 2 years of colorectal cancer diagnosis for prediagnosis and at least 1 year later for postdiagnosis. The prediagnostic and postdiagnostic smoking status were categorized into four groups (nonsmoker/nonsmoker, nonsmoker/smoker, smoker/nonsmoker, and smoker/smoker). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results During a median of 6.3 years of follow‐up, a total of 3980 deaths and 2137 deaths from colorectal cancer occurred. The number of prediagnosis smokers were 11,100 and 62.4% of them quitted smoking after the diagnosis. Significantly elevated mortality rate in prediagnosis smokers was observed regardless of postdiagnosis smoking status (smoker/nonsmoker [HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20–1.41] and smoker/smoker [HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.34]). Among patients treated with surgical operation only, those who quit smoking after diagnosis showed lower mortality rates compared to continual smokers (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.96). Conclusions Smoking before cancer diagnosis rather than postdiagnosis has stronger impact on prognosis colorectal cancer patients, and quitting smoking may improve survival, especially among early stage colorectal cancer patients. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Investigation of drugs affecting hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients and examination of the impact on the therapeutic effect

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Investigation of drugs affecting hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients and examination of the impact on the therapeutic effect Via Cancer Medicine The use of PPIs prevents hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients. However, it may reduce the anti‐tumor effect of bevacizumab by inducing the expression of VEGF. Abstract Background In patients treated with bevacizumab, hypertension may be a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. However, it is not clear whether drugs that control blood pressure influence bevacizumab's efficacy. In this study, we investigated drugs that may affect hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients and examined the impact on the therapeutic effect. Patients and methods We analyzed 3,724,555 reports from the third quarter of 2010 to the second quarter of 2015. All data were obtained from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) analysis. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated a total of 58 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and treated for the first time with bevacizumab containing XELOX or mFOLFOX6 at The University of Tokushima Hospital between January 2010 and December 2015. The effect of the treatment was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.0. Thereafter, the effect was confirmed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and cultured cells. Results There are few reports in FAERS of hypertension in patients treated with omeprazole on bevacizumab. Based on the chart review, patients who used proton pump inhibitors (PPI) had a lower response to treatment than those who did not (response rate: 25% vs 50%). Furthermore, experiments on GEO and cell lines suggested that induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression by PPIs is the cause of the reduced therapeutic effect. Conclusion PPIs prevent hypertension in bevacizumab‐treated patients but may reduce bevacizumab's anti‐tumoral effects by inducing VEGF expression. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Periplocin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer by inducing apoptosis via AMPK‐mTOR signaling

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Periplocin inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer by inducing apoptosis via AMPK‐mTOR signaling Via Cancer Medicine In this work, we evaluated the effect of Periplocin on pancreatic cancer growth and tried to clarify its molecular mechanism. ABSTRACT Background Periplocin is a monomeric compound that exhibits anti‐tumor activities. It is extracted from Cortex Periplocae. Objective This study aimed at determining the effect of periplocin treatment on the apoptosis and proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cells, and to elucidate on its mechanisms of action. Methods PANC1 and cfpac1 cells were treated with periplocin. Cell proliferation was detected by RTCA, Ki67 immunofluorescence, and a clonogenic assay. The transwell assay was used to examine cell migration and invasion functions. The expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins was detected by flow cytometry and western blotting. Total RNA was extracted from the treated and untreated group of PANC1 cells for RNA‐seq detection and analysis. Differentially expressed genes were screened for GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis. Finally, CFPAC1 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB / c nude mice to assess tumor growth. Results Periplocin inhibited the proliferation of PANC1 and CFPAC1 cells and induced their apoptosis by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway and inhibiting p70 S6K. It also attenuated the cell migration, invasion, and inhibited the growth of cfpac1 xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions Periplocin inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis by activating the AMPK / mTOR pathway. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Construction of a disease‐specific lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network reveals potential regulatory axes and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Construction of a disease‐specific lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network reveals potential regulatory axes and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma Via Cancer Medicine This article constructed an HCC‐specific ceRNA network by integrating a differential lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network and an online tool‐based ceRNA network. As a result, four lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory axes were extracted, and a prognostic signature (CRNDE, MYLK‐AS1 and CHEK1) was identified for overall survival (OS) of HCC. A nomogram comprising the prognostic signature and pathological stage was established and showed some net clinical benefits. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with a high incidence and poor prognosis. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms and effective prognostic indicators is conducive to clinical management and optimization of treatment. The RNA‐seq and clinical phenotype data of HCC were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and differential expression analysis was performed. Then, a differential lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory network was constructed, and the key genes were further identified and validated. By integrating this network with the online tool‐based ceRNA network, an HCC‐specific ceRNA network was obtained, and lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes were extracted. RNAs associated with prognosis were further obtained, and multivariate Cox regression models were established to identify the prognostic signature and nomogram. As a result, 198 DElncRNAs, 120 DEmiRNAs, and 2827 DEmRNAs were identified, and 30 key genes identified from the different ial network were enriched in four cancer‐related pathways. Four HCC‐specific lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA regulatory axes were extracted, and SNHG11, CRNDE, MYLK‐AS1, E2F3, and CHEK1 were found to be related with HCC prognosis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified a prognostic signature, comprised of CRNDE, MYLK‐AS1, and CHEK1, for overall survival (OS) of HCC. A nomogram comprising the prognostic signature and pathological stage was established and showed some net clinical benefits. The AUC of the prognostic signature and nomogram for 1‐year, 3‐year, and 5‐year survival was 0.777 (0.657‐0.865), 0.722 (0.640‐0.848), and 0.630 (0.528‐0.823), and 0.751 (0.664‐0.870), 0.773 (0.707‐0.849), and 0.734 (0.638‐0.845), respectively. These results provided clues for the study of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. In addition, the obtained 30 key genes and 4 regulatory axes might also help elucidate the underlying mechanism of HCC. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Minimally invasive surgery vs laparotomy for early stage cervical cancer: A propensity score‐matched cohort study

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Minimally invasive surgery vs laparotomy for early stage cervical cancer: A propensity score‐matched cohort study Via Cancer Medicine Recent studies have shown that patients with early‐stage cervical cancer who underwent minimally invasive surgery (MIS) had a worse prognosis than that of laparotomy; However, whether minimally invasive radical hysterectomy is available for relatively low‐risk early patients under the 2018 FIGO guidelines have yet to be studied. A propensity score‐matched cohort study examining patients with stage IB (2018 FIGO) cervical cancer of relatively low‐risk who underwent radical hysterectomy found that the five‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival of MIS respectively reduced by 5.8% and 6.6% compared with laparotomy. The surgical approaches do have a significant difference for survival of patients with early cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy. Even in stage IB1 patients with low‐risk, the oncologic outcomes of laparotomy is better compared with MIS. Abstract Objective To compare the long‐term oncologic outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) vs laparotomy for patients with stage IB (2018 FIGO) cervical cancer. Methods A matched retrospective study of cervical cancer patients who underwent MIS or laparotomy at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center from January 2012 to December 2015 was carried out. Patients were restaged according to the 2018 FIGO staging system for cervical cancer, 700 cases with stage IB cervical cancer were enrolled. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed by software SPSS version 22.0, and a total of 426 patients were enrolled and analyzed. Oncologic outcomes were compared between patients undergoing MIS vs laparotomy. Results After PSM, there were no statistical differences in other baseline characteristics between MIS and laparotomy, except for age (p = 0.008). In all stage IB patients, MIS group had significantly lower disease‐free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate compared with laparotomy group (5‐year DFS rate, 87.5% vs 94.1%, hazard ratio for disease recurrence, 2.403; 95% CI, 1.216‐4.744; 5‐year OS rate, 92.3% vs 98.1%, hazard ratio for death, 3.719; 95% CI, 1.370‐10.093). In stage IB1 patients population, MIS was still associated with worse DFS and OS compared to laparotomy (5‐year DFS rate: 89.5% vs 100%, p = 0.012; 5‐year OS rate: 93.4% vs 100%, p = 0.043). Even in stage IB1 patients without lymph vascular space invasion, worse oncologic outcome could be observed in MIS group (DFS: p = 0.021; OS: p = 0.076). Conclusion Our study suggested that laparotomy resulted in better OS and DFS compared with MIS among patients with stage IB cervical cancer. Even in stage IB1 patients without lymph vascular space invasion (2018 FIGO), laparotomy might be still an oncologically safer approach. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Efficacy and safety of oral metronomic etoposide in adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Efficacy and safety of oral metronomic etoposide in adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma Via Cancer Medicine Oral metronomic etoposide demonstrated effective palliation (progression‐free rate at 4 months was 40.3% (95%CI: 24.5‐56.2), along with acceptable toxicity in adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma. Abstract Therapeutic options in patients with metastatic osteosarcoma are limited and effective systemic treatments are needed in this setting. The aim of this case series was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of oral metronomic etoposide in adult patients with progressive metastatic osteosarcoma. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic records of patients treated with oral metronomic etoposide (25 mg thrice daily, 3 weeks out of 4) from December 2002 to December 2018 at Gustave Roussy (Villejuif, France). The primary endpoint was progression‐free rate (PFR) at 4 months; secondary endpoints were: best response (according to RECIST v1.1), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. With a median follow‐up of 9.8 months, 37 patients were eligible for this analysis: 68% males, median age 42 (range: 21–75), 19% with synchronous metastases, 92% with lung metastases, median PS: 1 (range: 0–3). Median number of previous treatment lines in the metastatic setting was 1 (range: 0–4). Progression‐free rate at 4 months was 40.3% (95% CI: 24.5–56.2). Best response was partial response in 11% and stable disease in 35% of patients (disease control rate: 46%). Median PFS was 3.1 months (95% CI: 2.5–4.7) and median OS was 9.8 months (95% CI: 5.1–12.3). Toxicity profile was acceptable, with 13% grade 3 haematological toxicities (anaemia and neutropenia), without any grade 3–4 non‐haematological toxicity. In our experience, oral metronomic etoposide demonstrated effective palliation along with acceptable toxicity in patients with progressive metastatic osteosarcoma. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Allogeneic stem cell transplant in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and karnofsky performance status score less than or equal to 80%: A study from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Allogeneic stem cell transplant in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and karnofsky performance status score less than or equal to 80%: A study from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) Via Cancer Medicine Graft‐versus‐host disease‐free, relapse‐free survival in patients with KPS score < 80% receiving MAC or RIC regimen. Abstract Limited data are currently available on the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) with a reduced performance status. We herein present the results of a registry study on 2,936 AML patients undergoing allo‐SCT in first remission (CR1) with a Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) score less than or equal to 80%. Two‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS), overall survival (OS) and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD)‐free, and relapse‐free survival (GRFS) rates were 54%, 59%, and 41%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, patients with a KPS score = 80% had lower non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and superior OS in comparison to patients with a KPS score <80% (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients with a KPS score =80%, a reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen was associated with an increased risk of relapse (p = 0.002) and lower GRFS (< i>p < 0.001) compared to myeloablative conditioning (MAC). Differently, in patients with a KPS score <80%, a RIC regimen resulted in lower NRM (p < 0.001), whereas relapse incidence did not differ, thus leading to an improved GRFS (p = 0.008) as compared to MAC. A transplant from a matched sibling donor (MSD) was associated with a reduced incidence of grade III‐IV acute GVHD (p < 0.01) and NRM (p < 0.01) in comparison to other donor types. In conclusion, allo‐SCT appears feasible in AML patients with a jeopardized KPS score. Survival is significantly affected by the conditioning intensity, which should be adjusted according to the severity of KPS impairment. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Patterns of distant metastases in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Patterns of distant metastases in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma––A population‐based analysis Via Cancer Medicine Lung was the most common metastatic site in ccRCC patients. Different survivals and prognostic factors were identified for different metastatic patterns. Hence, our study would have great value for clinical practice in the future. Abstract We developed this study to describe the patterns of distant metastasis (DM) and explore the predictive and prognostic factors of DM in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. We collected the eligible patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. Then, comparisons of baseline characteristics between patients in different metastatic patterns were made. In addition, proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) and proportion trends of different patterns were calculated. Afterward, survival outcomes were explored by Kaplan–Meier (KM) analyses. Finally, predictive and prognostic factors of DM were investigated. A total of 33,449 ccRCC patients were eventually identified, including 2931 patients with DM and 30,518 patients without DM. 8.76% of patients suffered DM at their initial diagnosis, 35.01% of them had multiple metastases. Generally, lung (6.19%) was the most common metastatic site in patients with DM, and brain (1.20%) was the least frequent metastatic organ. The proportion trends of different metastatic patterns tended to be stable between 2010 and 2015. Moreover, higher tumor grade, T stage, and N stage were identified as risk factors of DM. Finally, age at diagnosis, grade, T stage, N stage, the administration of surgery, the number of metastatic sties, marital status, and household income were found to be significantly associated with prognosis. Lung was the most common metastatic site in ccRCC patients. Different survival outcomes and prognostic factors were identified for different metastatic patterns. Hence, our study would have great value for clinical practice in the future. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Evaluating determinants of receipt of molecular imaging in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Evaluating determinants of receipt of molecular imaging in biochemical recurrent prostate cancer Via Cancer Medicine This study evaluated the determinants of and cost associated with utilization of molecular imaging for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Higher prostate‐specific antigen level was associated with lower likelihood for molecular imaging and higher cost in a 1‐year timeframe. Abstract Background Molecular imaging with novel radiotracers is changing the treatment landscape in prostate cancer (PCa). Currently, standard of care includes either conventional and molecular imaging at time of biochemical recurrence (BCR). This study evaluated the determinants of and cost associated with utilization of molecular imaging for BCR PCa. Methods This is a retrospective observational cohort study among men with BCR PCa from June 2018 to May 2019. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze the primary outcome: receipt of molecular imaging (e.g. Fluciclovine PET and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen PET) as part of diagnostic work‐up for BCR PCa. Multivariate linear regression models were used to analyze the secondary outcome: overall healthcare cost within a 1‐year time frame. Results The study sample included 234 patients; 79.1% White, 2.1% Black, 8.5% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 10.3% Other. The majority were 55 years or older (97.9%) and publicly insured (74.8%). Analysis indicated a one‐unit reduction in PSA is associated with 1.3 times higher likelihood of receiving molecular imaging (p < 0.01). Analysis found that privately insured patients were associated with approximately $500,000 more in hospital reimbursement (p < 0.01) as compared to the publicly insured. Additionally, a one‐unit increase in PSA is associated with $6254 increase in hospital reimbursement or an increase in total payments by 2.1% (p < 0.05). Conclusions Higher PSA was associated with lower likelihood for molecular imaging and higher cost in a one‐year time frame. Higher cost was also associated with private insurance, but there was no clear relationship between insurance type and imaging type. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Risk of breast cancer in women after a salivary gland carcinoma or pleomorphic adenoma

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Risk of breast cancer in women after a salivary gland carcinoma or pleomorphic adenoma in the Netherlands Via Cancer Medicine Salivary and mammary gland tumors share biological and epidemiological characteristics, suggesting common risk factors. Investigation of nationwide cohorts of patients with salivary gland cancer or pleomorphic adenoma with long‐term follow‐up data and complete cancer incidence information, highlights an increased risk of breast cancer in these patients. Abstract Salivary and mammary gland tumors show morphological similarities and share various characteristics, including frequent overexpression of hormone receptors and female preponderance. Although this may suggest a common etiology, it remains unclear whether patients with a salivary gland tumor carry an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). Our purpose was to determine the risk of BC in women diagnosed with salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) or pleomorphic adenoma (SGPA). BC incidence (invasive and in situ) was assessed in two nationwide cohorts: one comprising 1567 women diagnosed with SGC and one with 2083 women with SGPA. BC incidence was compared with general population rates using standardized incidence ratio (SIR). BC risk was assessed according to age at SGC/SGPA diagnosis, follow‐up time and (for SGC patients) histological subtype. The mean follow‐up was 7.0 years after SGC and 9.9 after SGPA diagnosis. During follow‐up, 52 patients with SGC and 74 patients with SGPA dev eloped BC. The median time to BC was 6 years after SGC and 7 after SGPA. The cumulative risk at 10 years of follow‐up was 3.1% after SGC and 3.5% after SGPA (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) 2.1%–4.7% and 2.6%–4.6%, respectively). BC incidence was 1.59 times (95%CI 1.19–2.09) higher in the SGC‐cohort than expected based on incidence rates in the general population. SGPA‐patients showed a 1.48 times (95%CI 1.16–1.86) higher incidence. Women with SGC or SGPA have a slightly increased risk of BC. The magnitude of risk justifies raising awareness, but is no reason for BC screening. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The stage‐specific roles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a propensity score‐matched analysis of the SEER database

xloma.fota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The stage‐specific roles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma patients: a propensity score‐matched analysis of the SEER database Via Cancer Medicine Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy (CRT) is associated with the best survival of patients with the early‐stage nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). Timely intervention is beneficial to survival of patients with NLPHL, especially for elderly patients in early stages. For advanced‐stage NLPHL, chemotherapy alone and CRT are likely to be associated with the long‐term survival benefits. Abstract Background The stage‐specific roles of radiotherapy (RT) alone, chemotherapy alone, and combined RT and chemotherapy (CRT) for patients with nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) have not been adequately evaluated. Methods We analyzed patients with all stages of NLPHL enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from January 2000 to December 2015. Propensity score (PS) analysis with 1:1 matching (PSM) was performed to ensure the well‐balanced characteristics of the comparison groups. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), hazard ratios (HRs), and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Restricted mean survival times (RMST) were also used for the survival analyses. Results For early‐stage patients, CRT was associated with the best survival, the mean OS was significantly improved by approximately 20 months (20 m), and the risk of death was reduced by more than 80%, both before and after PSM (p < 0.05). For advanced‐stage patients, none of RT alone, chemotherapy alone, or CRT had a significant effect on survival. Chemotherapy alone and CRT might be more beneficial for long‐term survival (RMST120 m: neither RT nor chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy alone vs. CRT = 104 m vs. 111 m vs. 108 m). Subgroup analysis of patients with early‐stage NLPHL showed that CRT was associated with better survival of elderly patients (improved OS = 43.8 m, HR = 0.14, p < 0.05). However, the survival benefits of treatments for young patients were not statistically significant. The efficacy of RT was significantly different between the age groups (p for interaction = 0.020). Conclusions These results from SEER data suggest that CRT may be considered for early‐stage NLPHL, especially for elderly patients. Further studies are needed to identify effective treatments in patients with advanced‐stage NLPHL. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.