Cardiovascular toxicities with pediatric tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: An analysis of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Cardiovascular toxicities with pediatric tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy: An analysis of adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration via Pediatric Blood & Cancer Abstract We sought to examine cardiovascular toxicities associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in pediatrics. We examined 1624 pediatric adverse events with imatinib, dasatinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, crizotinib, and ruxolitinib reported to the Food and Drug Administration between January 1, 2015, and August 14, 2020. There were 102 cardiovascular event reports. Hypertension was the most commonly reported cardiovascular event and was most frequently associated with sorafenib and pazopanib. The presence of infection increased the reporting odds of cardiovascular events overall and specifically cardiac arrest, heart failure, and hypertension. These data provide early insight into cardiovascular toxicities with tyrosine kinase inhibitor use in pediatrics. View on Web

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Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Dental implant failure rates with low insertion torque with a nonsubmerged surgical approach: A retrospective clinical study via Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research Abstract Background It is currently unclear if a low insertion torque (IT) should prompt a clinician to submerge the dental implant at time of placement. Purpose This study aimed to analyze implant failure rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) as a function of IT and surgical approach. Materials and Methods A total of 197 patients who had received 295 Mozo Grau (MG) implants were included in this study. The healing of submerged or nonsubmerged implants was evaluated in regular IT (≥20–25 Ncm) or low IT (<20–25 Ncm) cases. Implant failure and MBL were evaluated before prosthesis placement and at 6 and 12 months after functional loading with generalized estimating equations. Results The overall 12-month implant failure rate was 4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%–8.2%). When successful at 12 months, dental implants placed with low IT and nonsubmerging had the same MBL as implants dental implants placed with other approaches (mean difference = −0.02 mm; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.02). Low IT combined with nonsubmerging of the dental implant was associated with a 30-fold increased odds for dental implant failure (95% CI: 3.8–236.6). Conclusion low IT and nonsubmerged healing was associated with a high failure rate. View on Web

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The Effect of Hyperosmolar Water-Soluble Contrast for the Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Hyperosmolar Water-Soluble Contrast for the Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis via Annals of Surgery - Most Popular Articles Objective: To better understand the efficacy of water-soluble contrast (WSC) in the treatment of adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO). Background: Guidelines recommend using WSC to treat adhesive SBO nonoperatively by acting as a cathartic agent. The evidence supporting this practice is mixed. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles describing the effect of WSC compared with control treatments was performed for the period of January 1, 1990 to November 1, 2021. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias and the Newcastle-Ottawa tools. The therapeutic effect of WSC was assessed by operative rates and hospital length of stay (HLOS) in nonsurgical patients. Results: The initial search yielded 4879 articles, of which, 28 were selected for full text review. We identified 11 eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which included 817 patients and 9 observational studies of 3944 patients. HLOS in nonsurgical patients decreased by 1.95 days (95% confidence interval: 0.56–3.3) in the RCTs and could not be assessed in the observational studies. WSC did not significantly affect operative rates in the RCTs (19.8% vs. 21.4%) but did reduce rates in the observational studies (11% vs. 16%, risk ratio: 0.56, 95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.82). Conclusion: WSC studies may reduce HLOS for patients who have SBO and do not require surgery. However, the current literature is heterogenous with considerable design limitations. High-quality RCTs are needed using standardized protocols to determine the full benefit of WSC for the management of SBO. View on Web

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Association of upper respiratory Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of upper respiratory Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization with SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access ABSTRACT Background Streptococcus pneumoniae interacts with numerous viral respiratory pathogens in the upper airway. It is unclear whether similar interactions occur with SARS-CoV-2. Methods We collected saliva specimens from working-age adults receiving SARS-CoV-2 molecular testing at outpatient clinics and via mobile community-outreach testing between July and November 2020 in Monterey County, California. Following bact erial culture enrichment, we tested for pneumococci by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting the lytA and piaB genes, and measured associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection via conditional logistic regression. Results Analyses included 1,278 participants, with 564 enrolled in clinics and 714 enrolled through outreach-based testing. Prevalence of pneumococcal carriage was 9.2% (117/1,278) among all participants (11.2% [63/564] clinic-based testing; 7.6% [54/714] outreach testing). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 27.4% (32/117) among pneumococcal carriers and 9.6% (112/1,161) among non-carriers (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-4.69). Associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pneumococcal carriage were enhanced in the clinic-based sample (aOR = 4.01 [2.08-7.75]) and among symptomatic participants (aOR = 3.38 [1.35-8.40]), when compared to fin dings within the outreach-based sample and among asymptomatic participants. Adjusted odds of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection increased 1.24 (1.00-1.55)-fold for each 1-unit decrease in piaB qPCR CT value among pneumococcal carriers. Last, pneumococcal carriage modified the association of SARS-CoV-2 infection with recent exposure to a suspected COVID-19 case (aOR = 7.64 [1.91-30.7] and 3.29 [1.94-5.59]) among pneumococcal carriers and non-carriers, respectively). Conclusions Associations of pneumococcal carriage detection and density with SARS-CoV-2 suggest a synergistic relationship in the upper airway. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine interaction mechanisms between pneumococci and SARS-CoV-2. View on Web

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