The Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Fluorescein in the Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Fluorescein in the Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2021 Jun 1:19458924211020564. doi: 10.1177/19458924211020564. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks can be associated with significant morbidity such as meningitis. Surgical management has proven effective, with endoscopic approaches having become the gold standard due to success rates >90%. Inability to localise the leak site prior to surgery is associated with surgical failure. The use of intrathecal fluorescein (IF) to localise CSF fistulae sites was first demonstrated in 1960. Despite this, its use in this context is unlicensed. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the safety and efficacy of IF use in the management of CSF leak repairs in our centre. METHODS: All patients who underwent endoscopic repair of CSF fistula by a single surgeon where IF was used between January 2010 - September 2019 at a single-centre (tertiary skull base referral unit in the United Kingdom) were retrospec tively analysed. Primary outcome measures were localisation of CSF fistula with IF (efficacy) and peri-operative complications likely to be attributable to IF (safety). RESULTS: There were 55 patients included (60 procedures) with a positive localisation rate of 90.0% with IF. The overall peri-operative complication rate was 8.3% (n = 5). It is likely that none were related to IF use. However, three complications may be linked giving a complication rate potentially related to IF of 5.0%. There were no peri-operative mortalities. CONCLUSION: Many studies have demonstrated IF to be safe at low doses (<50mg) with a high sensitivity, specificity and positive predicative value. Our results demonstrate that the use of IF in our centre is safe and effective at identifying CSF fistulae. While we have reported some complications in our cohort, these were unlikely to be directly attributable IF use. We have described no serious complications such as seizures, limb weakness or d eath. We believe this study adds to the growing body of evidence that IF use in the management CSF fistula repairs is safe and effective. PMID:34074164 | DOI:10.1177/19458924211020564 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Clinical Indications for Treatment with Multi-Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinical Indications for Treatment with Multi-Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Via radioactive iodine Cancers (Basel). 2021 May 10;13(9):2279. doi: 10.3390/cancers13092279. ABSTRACT Differentiated thyroid cancer is usually a slow-growing disease, even if the patients develop distant metastasis. For recurrent or metastatic disease, radioactive iodine therapy is a standard treatment. However, the disease gradually progresses in some of the patients and can ultimately develop into life-threatening conditions. For patients with progressive radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated t hyroid cancer (RR-DTC), multi-kinase inhibitors (MKIs) including sorafenib and lenvatinib prolonged progression-free survival compared with placebo in pivotal randomized phase 3 trials, although the benefit in overall survival has not been clearly confirmed, possibly because the patients who received placebo were permitted to cross-over to lenvatinib upon disease progression. Moreover, the adverse events related to MKIs were not negligible. Therefore, the optimal timing of MKI initiation has long been controversial, and physicians should consider various patient and disease factors. Herein, we comprehensively review the clinical factors that can be helpful in determining the initiation of MKIs for patients with RR-DTC. PMID:34068664 | DOI:10.3390/cancers13092279 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Prospective Analysis of TERT Promoter Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Single Institution

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Prospective Analysis of <em>TERT</em> Promoter Mutations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Single Institution Via radioactive iodine J Clin Med. 2021 May 18;10(10):2179. doi: 10.3390/jcm10102179. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has the highest cancer incidence in Korea. It is known that some thyroid cancers have aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. Genomic studies have described some somatic mutations that are related to the aggressive features of thyroid cancer, such as the BRAFV600E mutation. Recently, TERT promoter mutations were identified and report ed as poor prognostic factors in PTC. Our aim was to identify the frequency and clinical impact of TERT promoter mutation in PTC. METHODS: Analysis of both BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations in thyroidectomy specimens began in February 2019. As of December 2020, 622 patients had been tested. Data were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed to ascertain clinical and pathologic variables. RESULTS: TERT promoter mutations were identified in 13 patients (2.09%); 12 had the C228T mutation, and one had the C216T mutation. In total, ten patients had the BRAFV600E mutation. TERT promoter mutation was significantly associated with advanced age (46.795 ± 12.616 versus 65.692 ± 13.628 years, p < 0.001), large tumor size (1.006 ± 0.829 versus 2.285 ± 1.938 cm, p = 0.035), extrathyroidal extension, surgical margin involvement, angioinvasion, BRAFV600E mutation and a dvanced TNM stage, a higher MACIS score and a high proportion of radioactive iodine therapy application. Logistic regression showed that lymphatic and angioinvasion and BRAFV600E mutation were predictive of TERT promoter mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to report the prospective results of TERT promoter mutations at a single tertiary hospital in Incheon, Korea. PTC with TERT promoter mutation was associated with more aggressive behavior than PTC with wild-type TERT gene status. PMID:34070093 | DOI:10.3390/jcm10102179 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Updated Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the North East Region of Romania after 35 Years of Chernobyl Fallout. Is There a Link between?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Updated Incidence of Thyroid Cancer in the North East Region of Romania after 35 Years of Chernobyl Fallout. Is There a Link between? Via radioactive iodine Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 May 19;11(5):907. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11050907. ABSTRACT Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and need to be improved. Therefore, through this study, we aim to renew the existing data on thyroid cancer. We conducted a retrospective study covering a p eriod of 10 years. Data were collected from a hospital information system (InfoWorld) between 2009 and 2019. Patients' age groups were stratified in relation with the age at the moment of the Chernobyl event. A database was obtained (Microsoft Excel) and statistical correlations were applied. In the studied period, 1159 patients were diagnosed: 968 females and 191 males, distributed by region, with the highest addressability in Iasi (529), followed by neighboring counties. Age distribution displayed that most of the thyroid cancers were in the range 4060 years old (50.94%), followed by 60-80 years old (32.41%). Most patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma 63.10%, then follicular 14.7%, medullary 6.74% and undifferentiated 1.02%. Romania was in the vicinity of the radioactive cloud at Chernobyl fallout, so we must deliberate whether the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the age group 40-60 years is associated with radiogenicity (iodine 131) given the fact that over ha s 35 years and the half-life of other radioisotopes like Caesium-137 and Strontium -90 is completed. PMID:34069605 | DOI:10.3390/diagnostics11050907 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Stepwise Approach Using Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio-Combined Thyroglobulin for Customization of [18F]FDG-PET/CT Indication to Detect Persistent Disease in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Stepwise Approach Using Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio-Combined Thyroglobulin for Customization of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT Indication to Detect Persistent Disease in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer Via radioactive iodine Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 May 6;11(5):836. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11050836. ABSTRACT We investigated whether an indication for [18F]FDG-PET/CT to detect FDG-avid persistent disease (PD) could be identified precisely using the extent of metastatic lymph nodes (MLNs) and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patients. This retrospective study included 429 PTC patients who underwent surgery and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. [18F]FDG-PET/ CT and serum Tg were evaluated just before RAI therapy. The MLN ratio (LNR) was defined as the ratio of the number of MLNs to the number of removed LNs. To derive the LNR-combined criteria, different Tg cut-off values for identifying the PET/CT-indicated group for PD detection were applied individually to subgroups initially classified based on LNR cut-off values. The cut-off values for serum Tg, the number of MLNs, and LNR for a PET/CT indication were 6.0 ng/mL, 5, and 0.51, respectively. Compared to a single parameter (serum Tg, total number of MLNs, and LNR), the LNR-combined criteria showed significantly superior diagnostic performance in detecting FDG-avid PD (p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of PET/CT in detecting FDG-avid PD was significantly improved when the PET/CT-indicated group was identified through the LNR-combined criteria in a stepwise manner; this can contribute to a customized PET/CT indication in PTC patients. PMID:34066574 | DOI:10.3390/diagnostics11050836 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Post-Operative Dysphagia in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Post-Operative Dysphagia in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Jun 2:34894211015582. doi: 10.1177/00034894211015582. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify risk factors associated with long-term dysphagia, characterize changes in dysphagia over time, and evaluate the incidence of otolaryngology referrals for patients with long-term dysphagia following anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF). METHODS: About 56 patients who underwent ACDF between May 2017 to February 2 019 were included in the study. All patients were assessed for dysphagia using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) survey preoperatively and late postoperatively (≥1 year). Additionally, 28 patients were assessed for dysphagia early postoperatively (2 weeks-3 months). Demographic data, medical comorbidities, intraoperative details, and post-operative otolaryngology referral rates were collected from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Of the 56 patients enrolled, 21 patients (38%) had EAT-10 scores of 3 or more at long-term follow-up. None of the demographics, comorbidities, or surgical factors assessed were associated with long-term dysphagia. Patients who reported no long-term dysphagia had a mean EAT-10 score of 6.9 early postoperatively, while patients with long-term symptoms had a mean score of 18.1 (P = .006). Of the 21 patients who reported persistent dysphagia symptoms, 3 (14%) received dysphagia testing or otolaryngology referrals post-operatively. CON CLUSION: Dysphagia is a notable side effect of ACDF surgery, but there are no significant demographics, comorbidities, or surgical risk factors that predict long-term dysphagia. Early postoperative characterization of dysphagia using the EAT-10 questionnaire can help predict long-term symptoms. There is inadequate screening and otolaryngology follow-up for patients with post-ACDF dysphagia. PMID:34075815 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211015582 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Social Representation of ‘Vocal Hygiene’ in India and Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Social Representation of 'Vocal Hygiene' in India and Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Survey Via Journal of Voice The study aimed to explore the professional and recreational and/or personal voice use patterns and social representation of 'vocal hygiene' in two culturally and geographically diverse societies: India and Bhutan. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The Controversy of Pepsinogen A/Pepsin A in Detecting Extra-Gastroesophageal Reflux

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The Controversy of Pepsinogen A/Pepsin A in Detecting Extra-Gastroesophageal Reflux Via Journal of Voice Pepsinogen A (PGA)/pepsin A is often used as a diagnostic marker of extra-gastroesophageal reflux. We aimed to explore whether its positivity in upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) was specific enough to diagnose reflux. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Loudness and Pitch of Emotional Stage Speech in Kunqu Opera

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Loudness and Pitch of Emotional Stage Speech in Kunqu Opera Via Journal of Voice Equivalent sound level (Leq), sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0) were analyzed in the stage speech of six Kunqu Opera roles, Young woman, Old woman, Young man, Old man, Colorful face and Clown. The roles differ in gender, age, personality and phonation types. Differences among emotions (neutral, sad, angry and happy), singers and roles were examined. For most roles, more similarities were observed between neutral and sad stage speech and between angry and happy stage speeches. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Is Immobile vocal fold Related to the Spinal Accessory Nerve Agenesis?: A Case Report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Is Immobile vocal fold Related to the Spinal Accessory Nerve Agenesis?: A Case Report Via Journal of Voice The spinal accessory nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, but the internal branch from the spinal accessory nerve is also contributing to the motor innervation of the larynx. For the first time, we report a case of an impairment of sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and thyroarytenoid muscles from the same side. In our case, the anatomical variant that can explain this situation implies the cranial roots and some fibers from the spinal roots of the spinal accessory nerve to form the internal branch. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Standardization of terminology, imaging features, and interpretation of CBCT sialography of major salivary glands: a clinical review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Standardization of terminology, imaging features, and interpretation of CBCT sialography of major salivary glands: a clinical review Via radioactive iodine Quintessence Int. 2021 Jun 2;0(0):0. doi: 10.3290/j.qi.b1492217. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sialography combined with cone beam computerized tomography (sialo-CBCT) is an imaging technique that demonstrates the ductal system of the major salivary glands and allows evaluation of gland function. This review describes the sialo-CBCT technique, terminology, common pitfalls and limitations, as well as radiographic features and suggested pathogenicity of various salivary gland disor ders, based on 1,758 sialo-CBCT examinations conducted over the last decade in one institution, and the current literature. The adoption of standardized terminology is proposed to prevent miscommunication, facilitate formulation of differential diagnoses, and thereby promote patient management: (1) Sialo-CBCT requires specific training, and operator experience is required for adequate glandular filling with minimal extravasation; (2) Limit injection-to-scan time to avoid premature emptying; (3) The sialo-CBCT report should include a description of the morphology of the primary duct as well as the secondary, tertiary, and descending branches, the maximal branching level, the presence of sialectasis, overall glandular size, and parenchymal findings; (4) Functional evaluation is based on assessment of iodine clearance in the post evacuation image; (5) Sialectasis and ductopenia are the main findings in Sjogren syndrome and recurrent juvenile parotitis; (6) Sialodochitis with or with out fillings defects or hyperdense calcifications characterize obstructive sialadenitis and sialolithiasis; (7) The findings following radioactive-iodine-induced damage are similar to obstructive sialadenitis, with atrophy in late stages; (8) In chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), variable presentations of ductopenia, sialectasis, and sialodochitis may be evident; (9) The red flags indicating a space-occupying lesion include areas of no filling, splaying of ducts, and primary duct deviation. PMID:34076380 | DOI:10.3290/j.qi.b1492217 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.