Arteriovenous fistulae thromboses in end‐stage kidney disease patients on long‐term haemodialysis is a complex issue requiring appropriate management. The endovascular methods described for salvaging such accesses are effective and associated with good long term outcomes in vascular access patency and survival. Abstract Background Arteriovenous fistula is the definitive vascular access for patients on long‐term haemodialysis. The aim of this study is to present the techniques and results...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 20:58
A 10‐year retrospective review of prospectively recorded data extracted from a single hospital registry was performed to compare the incidence of early surgical complications in total hip arthroplasty related to approach. No approach was associated with the primary outcome measure of return to theatre in 1 year on unadjusted analyses or multivariate modelling. Abstract Background Total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be performed through a number of surgical approaches. The aim was to compare...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 20:57
This article aims to describe the glycaemic status of patients pre‐ and post‐pancreatectomy, compare patient's clinical characteristics, group according to pre‐ and post‐pancreatectomy diabetes mellitus (DM) status and identify predictors of post‐operative pancreatogenic DM. The development or continuance of DM within 30 days post‐pancreatectomy occurs in approximately one in seven persons. No patients with pre‐existing DM demonstrated a remission of DM post‐pancreatectomy. All patients should...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 20:53
Mon Jul 20, 2020 16:53
Abstract Background The novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, caused the COVID‐19 global pandemic. In response, the Australian and New Zealand governments activated their respective emergency plans and hospital frameworks to deal with the potential increased demand on scarce resources. Surgical triage formed an important part of this response to protect the healthcare system’s capacity to respond to COVID‐19. Method A rapid review methodology was adapted to search for all levels of evidence on...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 16:13
Primary gastric melanoma is a rare disease characterized by an aggressive malignant behavior. Its differential diagnosis from a metastatic lesion is crucial. A prompt diagnosis and therapeutic approach are needed. Further studies are required to elucidate the optimal management of this clinical entity. ABSTRACT Background Primary gastric melanoma (PGM) is a rare malignant tumour of the stomach with poor prognosis. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the available literature...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 11:28
Previously, we found that reported infant rhinorrhea and watery eyes without a cold (RWWC) predicted school age exercise-induced wheeze (EIW), emergency department (ED) visits, and respiratory-related hospitalizations for asthma. These findings appeared independent of infant wheeze and allergy. Overall, we theorize that prenatal material hardship and psychosocial distress can induce infant dysregulation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) leading to infant RWWC and school age EIW.
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) has been described as a distinct subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) characterized by eosinophilic (allergic) mucin, type 1 hypersensitivity to fungi, and distinct radiologic findings.1 AFRS requires surgical intervention, along with adjuvant medical therapy. Topical and oral corticosteroids significantly decrease AFRS recurrence after surgery, but steroid sparing agents for refractory disease are lacking. Dupilumab added to intranasal...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Abstract Erythroblastic sarcoma (ES) is an extremely rare extramedullary solid tumor of immature erythroid cells, with around a dozen human cases to our knowledge presented so far in the english literature, none of the cases presenting as pleural effusion. Here we describe a case of ES in a thoracic wall diagnosed by cytological examination of pleural effusion with histologic correlation in a 53‐year‐old patient with a 10‐month history of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm with...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 19:15
Abstract Background South Africa has a very high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Salivary gland lesions are common in HIV‐infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine the pathologic entities diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of salivary gland masses in an HIV‐infected study population that now has free access to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and how this differs from the pathologic entities before the advent of widespread ARV availability, and if the Milan system for reporting salivary...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 19:15
Abstract Secretory carcinoma (SC) is a relatively recently described salivary gland adenocarcinoma characterized by ETV6‐NTRK3 gene fusion and, in most cases, indolent clinical behavior. Morphologically, the tumor shows a glandular architecture and the presence of monophasic tumor cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, low‐grade nuclear atypia, and mucin production, with possibly a tubular, papillary, or cystic arrangement. In this article, we describe a case of a 52‐year old man with SC involving a neck...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 19:26
Peanut allergy affects 3% of Australian children and has a higher risk of anaphylaxis than most food allergies. Predicting who is likely to develop anaphylaxis is still an inexact science. The fraction of exha...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 03:00
Abstract Background Animal models are extensively used to study underlying mechanisms in asthma. Guinea pigs share anatomical, pharmacological and physiological features with human airways and may enable the development of a pre‐clinical in vivo model that closely resembles asthma. Objectives To develop an asthma model in guinea pigs using the allergen house dust mite (HDM). Methods Guinea pigs were intranasally sensitized to HDM which was followed by HDM challenges once weekly for...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 14:45
Mon Jul 20, 2020 18:59
Key points When muscle biopsies first began to be used routinely in research on exercise physiology five decades ago, it soon become clear that the muscle content of glycogen is an important determinant of exercise performance. Glycogen particles are stored in distinct pools within the muscles, but the role of each pool during exercise and how this is affected by diet is unknown. Here, the effects of diet and exercise on these pools, as well as their relationship to endurance during prolonged...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 14:35
Abstract This systematic review evaluates the efficacy, safety and economic impact of dupilumab compared to standard of care for uncontrolled moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs and health economic evaluations. Critical and important AD‐related outcomes were considered. The risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. Seven RCTs including 1845 subjects > 12 years treated with dupilumab 16 to 52 weeks...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 14:36
Abstract In the original article, there was a mistake in Figure4 as published. We used a wrong subpanel A.We re‐processed the data. The correct Figure 4 appears below. The authors apologize for this error, that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original Figure 4 has been updated.
Tue Jul 21, 2020 14:33
Mon Jul 20, 2020 22:15
Abstract Prof. Monique Capron is Emeritus Professor at the Lille University in France. She has been studying the immune response to parasites for over 40 years and is a world‐renowned leading expert on the role of eosinophils in infectious and inflammatory diseases (Figure 1). I first met Monique at the Pasteur Institute in Lille in 2002, when I began my summer training. I was a Pharmacy student, curious about scientific research and my first impression was very positive. The generosity and warmth...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 22:03
Mon Jul 20, 2020 20:12
Abstract Mycoremediation holds great potential in remedying toxic environments contaminated with polyaromatic organic pollutants. To harness the natural process for practical applications, understanding the genetic and molecular basis of the remediation process is prerequisite. Compared to known bacterial degradation pathways of aromatic pollutants, however, the fungal degradation system is less studied and understanding of the genetic basis for biochemical activity is still...
02:39
Abstract Formate can be efficiently produced via electrochemical or photochemical catalytic conversion of CO2, and it can be directly used as an organic carbon source by microorganisms. In theory, formate can be used as the sole carbon source for the microbial production of high-value-added chemicals. Consequently, the construction of efficient formate-assimilation pathways in microorganisms is essential for the utilization of cheap, renewable one-carbon...
02:39
Abstract Photolyases are flavoproteins that repair ultraviolet-induced DNA lesions (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer or CPD, and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts or (6-4)-PPs), using blue light as an energy source. These enzymes are substrate specific, meaning that a specific photolyase repairs either a CPD or a (6-4)-PP. In this work, we produced a class II CPD-photolyase (called as PhrSph98) from the Antarctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. UV9...
02:39
Abstract This study aimed to develop a bioprocess using plant oil as the carbon source for lipid-assimilating yeast to produce high-value astaxanthin. Using high-oleic safflower oil as a model, efficient cell growth and astaxanthin production by the engineered Yarrowia lipolytica strain ST7403 was demonstrated, and a considerable portion of astaxanthin was found excreted into the spent oil. Astaxanthin was the predominant carotenoid in the extracellular oil phase that allowed...
02:39
Abstract Tyrosine (Tyr) is crucial to the maintenance of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) titers and quality attributes in fed-batch cultures of recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells. However, the relation between tyrosine and these aspects is not yet fully defined. In order to further elucidate such a relation, two groups of fed-batch experiments with high tyrosine (H-T) or low tyrosine (L-T) additions producing an IgG1 monoclonal antibody against...
02:39
Abstract In recent years, an increasing number of Listeria monocytogenes strains with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have been reported. However, the genetic basis for QACs resistance in L. monocytogenes remains poorly understood. In the present study, we have characterized the operon lmo0852/lmo0853/lmo0854 (designated sugR/sugE1/sugE2) that contributes to QACs' resistance in L. monocytogenes EGD-e. We constructed the gene deletion mutants and the complemented...
02:39
Abstract Background Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is an autoimmune disease that is sometimes complicated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RPILD). However, serum and lung biomarkers that can predict RPILD development remain unclear. Objectives To determine potential serum and lung biomarkers that can predict RPILD development in patients with PM/DM‐ILD. Methods In total, 49 patients with PM/DM‐ILD were enrolled. We measured the serum levels of...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 11:29
Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder, and empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment is often the first step of management; however, up to 40% of patients remain symptomatic despite PPI treatment. Refractory reflux refers to continued symptoms despite an adequate trial of PPI, and management remains challenging. The differential diagnosis is important; other oesophageal (e.g. eosinophilic oesophagitis) and gastroduodenal disorders (e.g. functional...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 11:59
Abstract The mouse embryo is an established model for investigation of regulatory mechanisms controlling cardiac development and congenital heart defects in humans. Since cultured mouse embryos are very sensitive to any manipulations and environmental fluctuations, controlled alterations in mouse embryonic cardiac function are extremely challenging, which is a major hurdle in mammalian cardiac biomechanics research. This manuscript presents first optogenetic manipulation of cardiodynamics and hemodynamics...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 19:09
Abstract Decreased mobility of the human eardrum, the tympanic membrane (TM), is an essential indicator of a prevalent middle ear infection. The current diagnostic method to assess TM mobility is via pneumatic otoscopy, which provides subjective and qualitative information of subtle motion. In this study, a handheld spectral‐domain pneumatic optical coherence tomography (OCT) system was developed to simultaneously measure the displacement of the TM, air pressure inputs applied to a sealed ear canal,...
Tue Jul 21, 2020 18:59
ABSTRACT Skin optical clearing effect ex vivo and in vivo was achieved by topical application of low molecular weight paramagnetic magnetic resonance contrast agents. This novel feature has not been explored before. By using collimated transmittance the diffusion coefficients of three clinically used magnetic resonance contrast agents, i.e. Gadovist®, Magnevist® and Dotarem® as well as X‐ray contrast agent Visipaque® in mouse skin were determined ex vivo as (4.29±0.39)×10‐7 cm2/sec, (5.00±0.72)×10–7...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 15:40
Abstract Background Post‐traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTN) is a disturbance of function or pathological change of the trigeminal nerve branches following trauma and has an important impact on patient’s quality of life (QoL). Objectives To provide diagnostic data on PTN and illustrate differences in aetiology, injured nerve, pain distribution, sensory profile and QoL between PTN subgroups. Methods 1331 patients with painful or non‐painful PTN were retrospectively reviewed in two...
Mon Jul 20, 2020 21:47
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