Prognosis of Masked and White Coat Uncontrolled Hypertension Detected by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Elderly Treated Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Prognosis of masked and white coat uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH and WCUCH, respectively) detected by ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring is incompletely clear in elderly treated hypertensive patients. We evaluated prognosis of MUCH and WCUCH identified by ambulatory BP monitoring in this setting.

METHODS

The occurrence of a composite endpoint was evaluated in 1,191 elderly treated hypertensive patients. Controlled hypertension (CH) was defined as clinic BP <140/90 mm Hg and 24-hour BP <130/80 mm Hg, MUCH as clinic BP <140/90 mm Hg and 24-hour BP ≥130 and/or ≥80 mm Hg, WCUCH as clinic BP ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg and 24-hour BP <130/80 mm Hg and sustained uncontrolled hypertension (SUCH) as clinic BP ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg and 24-hour BP ≥130 and/or ≥80 mm Hg.

RESULTS

MUCH was identified in 142 patients (12% of all the population, 34% of those with normal clinic BP) and WCUCH in 230 patients (19% of all the population, 30% of those with high clinic BP). During the follow-up (9.1 ± 4.9 years, range 0.4–20 years), 392 events occurred. After adjustment for various covariates, patients with MUCH (hazard ratio (HR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–2.29, P = 0.01) and SUCH (HR 1.81, 95% CI, 1.35–2.42, P < 0.001) had significantly higher cardiovascular risk than those with CH, whereas those with WCUCH (HR 1.09, 95% CI, 0.74–1.60, P = 0.66) had not significantly higher risk.

CONCLUSIONS

In elderly treated hypertensive patients evaluated by ambulatory BP monitoring, compared to individuals with CH, those with MUCH have significantly higher risk and those with WCUCH have slightly and not significantly higher risk.

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