Environment-Friendly Synthesis of Trace Element Zn, Sr, and F Codoping Hydroxyapatite with Non-cytotoxicity and Improved Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca₁₀[PO₄]₆[OH]₂) doped with numerous trace elements possesses sensational biochemical effects in natural bones. To study the biochemical function of Zn, Sr, and F elements, a series of neoteric HAp biomaterials with Zn, Sr, and F concentrations close to natural bones are firstly synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method. These materials are characterized through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). All the synthesized materials are HAp phase. The morphology of these materials is nanorods. The phenomenon that L929 cells can live even at 400 μg/mL powder concentration indicates that these materials are non-cytotoxic. The active effects of samples on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) are certified by MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. The adhesion and proliferation of osteoblast measurement manifest that amounts of MC3T3-E1 advances about 1.86 times for ZnSrF/HAp compared with undoped HAp. This achievement may inspire us on the artificial design of new-style bionic bone grafts using trace bioactive elements and also suggest its latent applications in orthopedic surgery and bone osseointegration.

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