Pediatric Ambulatory and Hospital Networks for Surveillance and Clinical Epidemiology of Community-Acquired Infections

Care of infectious diseases (prevention, diagnosis, and treatment) represents a large part of the activity of pediatric practices as well as primary care, emergency departments, and hospitals. The bacterial and viral species involved in pediatric community-acquired infections (CAIs) can induce severe, moderate, or mild diseases, which require care by hospitalization, emergency departments, or first-line clinicians. For example, pneumococcus manifests as a spectrum of diseases ranging from severe invasive diseases, such as meningitis, bacteremic pneumonia, and bacteremia, to less severe but more frequent diseases, such as acute otitis media (AOM), sinusitis, and pneumonia (Figure; available at www.jpeds.com).

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