Risk Factors and Outcomes of Vancomycin-Resistant Versus Vancomycin-Sensitive Enterococcal Blood Stream Infections in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background Studies have shown increased mortality from vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (VRE) blood stream infections (BSI) in neutropenic patients. Whether these mortality differences pertain to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is unknown. We compared risk factors and outcomes between VRE and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal (VSE) BSIs in AML patients. Methods We conducted a single-center, 5-year, retrospective cohort study of AML patients with enterococcal BSI. Neutropenia duration, Enterococcus species, vancomycin exposure, VRE colonization, 7- and 30-day mortality, age, sex, length of stay, and central line status were compared and analyzed. Results There were a total of 77 AML patients with enterococcal BSI, 54.5% had VRE. Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium accounted for 28.5% and 62.3% of BSI, respectively. The E. faecalis isolates were more likely to be VSE (91% vs 9%, P

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