Individualization of Clinical Target Volume Delineation Based on Stepwise Spread of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Outcome of More Than a Decade of Clinical Experience

Radiation-related toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is common. There are no well-established guidelines for clinical target volume (CTV) delineation with long-term follow-up. Current consensus continues to rely heavily on bony landmarks and fixed margins around the gross tumor volume (GTV), an approach used to define fields in the conventional 2- and 3-dimensional radiation therapy era.

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