Medicinal properties of Clerodendrum glaburum E may leaf extracts: phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and carbohydrate-metabolizing enzyme inhibitory potentials

Abstract

The phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity as well as the inhibitory potentials of Clerodendrum glaburum on key carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes were investigated. The plant sample was extracted separately with hexane, EtOAc, MeOH, and water. The phytochemical analysis and antioxidant assays of the extracts were achieved using standard procedures; the antidiabetic capability of the extracts against the actions of α-amylase and α-glucosidase was examined while their cytotoxicity was tested against Vero cells. Highest quantity of phenol (65.97 mg gallic acid g⁻¹), flavonoid (47.02 mg quercetin g⁻¹), and flavanol (173.74 mg catechin g⁻¹) were observed in MeOH extract. Also, MeOH extract had the most potent ability (p < 0.05) to scavenge ABTS (0.05 mg/mL), DPPH (0.17 mg/mL), and superoxide anion (0.36 mg/mL) than other extracts and standards. Stronger inhibition (p < 0.05) against metal chelation (26.41 mg/mL) and FRAP (5.92 mg/mL) were observed in water extract compared to other extracts; it also competes favorably with the standard. EtOAc extract displayed best scavenging potentials (p < 0.05) against hydroxyl radical than other extracts. Methanol (0.71 mg/mL) and aqueous (0.19 mg/mL) extracts displayed more potent inhibition against the actions of α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively compared to acarbose and other extracts. Hexane extract displayed better antidiabetic activities as revealed by its moderate α-amylase (2.54 mg/mL) and potent α-glucosidase (0.53 mg/mL) inhibitions compared to acarbose. The hexane, methanol, and aqueous extracts were non-toxic against Vero cells, with LC₅₀ of 0.11, 0.23, and 0.52 mg/mL respectively. C. glaburum leaves contain active phytochemicals that can be beneficial in managing diabetes and other oxidative stress-induced disorders.

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