A Novel Diagnostic Strategy Using 16α-[18F]-Fluoro-17-β-Estradiol (18F-FES) PET/MRI to Achieve Complete Resection of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis in Reproductive-Age Women

Abstract: Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a life-threatening leiomyoma that grows into the extrauterine venous system. A high recurrence rate has been reported in reproductive-age women who undergo only tumor excision to preserve fertility. Precise diagnosis of tumor extension is essential to achieve complete resection. A 24-year-old woman presented with hypermenorrhea. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed an intramural myoma with worm-like extension into the right parametrium. 18F-FES PET/MRI accurately depicted the extension with strong FES activity into the right uterine vein, whereas 18F-FDG PET/MRI excluded the possibility of malignancy. These modalities can be a novel strategy to manage such cases of intractable intravenous leiomyomatosis.

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