Hemorrhagic angiodysplasia of the digestive tract: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIA) is an acquired vascular superficial lesion, which presents typically as a bright red, irregular, round-shaped, slightly elevated lesion. GIAs are often seen in patients over 60 years of age and are mostly located in the colon (cecum and ascending).The cause and mechanisms of GIA have yet to be completely understood. Small-bowel GIAs are often diagnosed in the setting of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). In some cases, GIAs are associated with aortic stenosis, Von Willebrand's disease, chronic renal disease, and liver disease.

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