To address low objective response rate of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, combination strategies are vastly explored and recommended. This review introduces recent advances in combination of ICB therapy with therapeutic agents based on stimulation of the five steps in the context of the cancer immunity circle (antigen release, tumor antigen presentation, T‐cell activation, recognition of tumor by T‐cells, and tumor‐killing activity).
Abstract
The past few years have witnessed vast clinical accomplishments of immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), which block the regulatory receptor expressed on immune cells or tumor cells to prevent the suppression of antitumor cytotoxic T‐cell responses. Despite this, limitations still exist, such as low objective response rate (ORR) and the risk of immune‐related side effects. To address these issues, combination treatment strategies are vastly explored and recommended. This review summarizes recent advances in combination of ICB with therapies that participate in different stages of cancer immune cycle, including tumor antigen release, tumor antigen presentation, T‐cell activation, recognition of cancer cells by T‐cells, and tumor‐killing activity. Challenges and potential opportunities of combination approaches in this field are also discussed.
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