1. Across all the seven seas: Fifty years in neurology, EEG and epilepsies

Since the 1960s, major neuroscience advances have facilitated the development of new antiepilepsy drugs (AEDs) targeting specific neurotransmitter-receptor systems, particularly the GABAergic, the NMDA-receptors and voltage-gated ion channels. In addition to the classical AEDs, carbamazepine and cogeners act at the voltage-gates sodium channels, while ethosuxumide acts at the calcium channel, improving the treatment of partial and generalized seizures. But approximately 30% of partial complex seizures remain refractory to AEDs, leading to novel AEDs: levetiracetam, tiagabine, lacosamide, perampanel and others.

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