Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits growth and metastasis and stimulates apoptosis in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Accumulating evidence has suggested that probiotics affect cellular pathways and specific genes involved in slow growth. Probiotics reduce the impact or stop the growth of cancer cells and tumors in animal models and human cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) on cell growth, metastasis, and apoptosis of the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The HT-29 cells and S. cerevisiae were co-cultured in order to study the effects of S. cerevisiae on cell apoptosis, growth, and metastasis using 4^′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and scratch wound-healing assay, respectively. Real-time PCR was applied to evaluate the expression levels of Akt/PTEN, MAPK, and NF-ĸB genes. The supernatant obtained from S. cerevisiae in HT-29 cell line increased the expression of PTEN and Caspas3 genes in the first 24 h while the Bclxl and RelA genes showed decreased expression. By using MTT method after 48 h of treatment HT-29 cells with supernatant of S. cerevisiae, about 75% of the cells showed stopped growing. Therefore, it could be concluded that S. cerevisiae inhibits the growth of the HT-29 cells by inducing apoptosis and reducing metastasis.

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