Value of standard radiographs, CT and MRI of the lumbar spine in detection of intraoperatively confirmed pedicle screw loosening – a prospective clinical trial

Publication date: Available online 26 June 2018
Source:The Spine Journal
Author(s): José Miguel Spirig, Reto Sutter, Tobias Götschi, Nadja A. Farshad-Amacker, Mazda Farshad
Background ContextPedicle screw loosening is common after spinal fusion and can be associated with pseudoarthrosis and pain. With suspicion of screw loosening on standard radiographs, CT is currently considered the advanced imaging modality of choice. MRI with new metal artifact reduction techniques holds potential to be sensitive in detection of screw loosening. The sensitivity and specificity of either of the imaging modalities are yet clear.PurposeTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of three different image modalities (standard radiographs, CT and MRI) for detection of pedicle screw loosening.Study Design/SettingCross-sectional diagnostic studyPatient SampleForty-one patients (159 pedicle screws) undergoing revision surgeries after lumbar spinal fusion between August 2014 and April 2017 with preoperative radiographs, CT and MRI with spinal metal artifact reduction (STIR WARP and TSE high bandwidth sequences).Outcome MeasuresSensitivity and specificity in detection of screw loosening for each imaging modality.MethodsScrew torque force was measured intraoperatively and compared with preoperative screw loosening signs such as peri-screw edema in MRI and peri-screw osteolysis in CT and radiographs. A torque force of less than 60Ncm was used to define a screw as loosened.ResultsSensitivity and specificity in detection of screw loosening was 43.9% and 92.1% for MRI, 64.8% and 96.7% for CT, and 54.2% and 83.5% for standard radiographs, respectively.ConclusionsDespite improvement of MRI with metal artifact reduction MRI technique, CT remains the modality of choice. Even so, CT fails to detect all loosened pedicle screws.



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