Feasibility of an EEG-based brain-computer interface in the intensive care unit

Clinicians may fail to detect early signs of consciousness in patients with acute severe brain injuries. Several studies have reported a misdiagnosis rate of approximately 40% when using assessments tools such as the Glasgow Coma Scale to assess a patient's level of consciousness in the intensive care unit (ICU), as compared to comprehensive behavioral evaluations with the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R; (Andrews et al., 1996; Giacino et al., 2004; Schnakers et al., 2009b)). However, even the CRS-R has limitations, as it relies on motor and language abilities, which makes accurate diagnosis challenging in patients with motor impairment, aphasia (Majerus et al., 2009) or fluctuation of vigilance (Giacino et al., 2002; Piarulli et al., 2016).

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