Ontology Development for Patient Education Documents Using a Professional- and Patient-Oriented Delphi Method

Written patient education materials are essential to motivate and help patients to participate in their own care, but the production and management of a large collection of high-quality and easily accessible patient education documents can be challenging. Ontologies can aid in these tasks, but the existing resources are not directly applicable to patient education. An ontology that models patient education documents and their readers was constructed. The Delphi method was used to identify a compact but sufficient set of entities with which the topics of documents may be described. The preferred terms of the entities were also considered to ensure their understandability. In the ontology, readers may be characterized by gender, age group, language, and role (patient or professional), whereas documents may be characterized by audience, topic(s), and content, as well as the time and place of use. The Delphi method yielded 265 unique document topics that are organized into seven hierarchies. Advantages and disadvantages of the ontology design, as well as possibilities for improvements, were identified. The patient education material ontology can enhance many applications, but further development is needed to reach its full potential. The permission for the study was granted by Hospital District of Southwest Finland (decision #71/2012). The Delphi participants received written information about the study and were informed of their right to refuse to participate or to withdraw their consent at any time. This study was conducted as part of the activities of the IKITIK consortium and funded by the Academy of Finland (funding decision #139884 and #140323) and the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation (project #644/31/15). Project #644/31/15 was cofunded by BCB Medical Oy, Fujitsu Finland Oy, and Lingsoft Oy. The funding bodies were not involved in the design or execution of the study or in preparing the manuscript. This work was conducted using the Protégé resource, which is supported by grant GM10331601 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the US National Institutes of Health. The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Corresponding author: Juho Heimonen, MSc, Department of Future Technologies, 20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland (juho.heimonen@utu.fi). Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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