A Comparison of Nephrotoxicity in Non-Intensive Care Unit Medical-Surgical Patients Receiving Vancomycin Alone Versus Vancomycin With Piperacillin-Tazobactam.

Background: Recent studies have identified an increase in nephrotoxicty in patients receiving vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam (PT) when compared with vancomycin monotherapy. To date, studies have evaluated all hospitalized patients or intensive care unit patients only. The purposes of this study were to examine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who received vancomycin either as monotherapy or with PT in a non-intensive care unit medical-surgical setting and to identify potential risk factors for the development of AKI. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who received vancomycin either as monotherapy or in combination with PT for at least 48 hours. Patients were evaluated for development of AKI, defined as serum creatinine increase of 50% from baseline. Statistical analysis included demographic, univariate, and multivariable analyses. Results: One hundred eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. More patients in the vancomycin + PT group developed AKI than in the vancomycin monotherapy group (18.4% vs 5.6%, P = 0.008). After multivariable logistic regression of patients receiving vancomycin, PT, African American, and perioperative patients remained statistically associated with AKI. These risk factors gave odds ratios of 3.9, 3.8, and 4.0, respectively. Conclusions: Patients receiving PT in addition to vancomycin were more likely to develop AKI compared with those receiving vancomycin monotherapy. African American and perioperative patients may have a higher risk. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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