Novel biallelic SZT2 mutations in three cases of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy

Abstract

The seizure threshold 2 (SZT2) gene encodes a large, highly-conserved protein that is associated with epileptogenesis. In mice, Szt2 is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. Recently, biallelic SZT2 mutations were found in seven patients (from five families) presenting with epileptic encephalopathy with dysmorphic features and/or non-syndromic intellectual disabilities. In this study, we identified by whole-exome sequencing compound heterozygous SZT2 mutations in three patients with early-onset epileptic encephalopathies. Six novel SZT2 mutations were found, including three truncating, one splice site and two missense mutations. The splice site mutation resulted in skipping of exon 20 and was associated with a premature stop codon. All individuals presented with seizures, severe developmental delay and intellectual disabilities with high variability. Brain MRIs revealing a characteristic thick and short corpus callosum or a persistent cavum septum pellucidum in each of two cases. Interestingly, in the third case, born to consanguineous parents, had unexpected compound heterozygous missense mutations. She showed microcephaly despite the other case and previous ones presenting with macrocephaly, suggesting that SZT2 mutations might affect head size.

Graphical Abstract

Pedigrees of families (upper) and schematic presentation of recessive mutations in SZT2 (lower). The eight previously-reported mutations and the six mutations found in this study are shown above and below SZT2, respectively.

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