Preteratment with β‐glucan attenuates isoproterenol‐ induced myocardial injury in rats

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

The present study has been designed to assess whether pretreatment with β glucan could exert any protective action against ISO‐induced myocardial injury in rats.

What is the main finding and its importance?

β‐glucan pretreatment could reduce myocardial injury by restoring cardiac biomarkers, antioxidant status, apoptosis and histopathological changes. Therefore, β‐glucan may have the potential to be used in the prevention and/or treatment of myocardial infarction.

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of pretreatment with β‐glucan, the glucose polymer derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, against isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial injury in rats by studying the biochemical cardiac markers, antioxidant parameters, apoptosis, electrocardiographic and histopathological changes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely control, β‐glucan, isoproterenol and β‐glucan + isoproterenol treated group. β‐glucan treatment group received β‐glucan (50 mg kg⁻¹/day, orally) for 10 days. Myocardial injury was induced by ISO administration (100 mg kg⁻¹, s.c.) twice at an interval of 24 h on 9th and 10th day. ISO administration resulted in a marked increase in heart rate, ST segment elevation, myocardial malondialdehyde content, cardiac marker levels (lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase‐MB and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T) and apoptotic index, and a significant decrease in R wave amplitude and myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. In addition, apoptosis, congestion, necrosis, inflammatory cells infiltration and myofibrillar disorganization were histologically observed in myocardial tissue sections. The oral pretreatment of β‐glucan prevented almost all the parameters of isoproterenol induced myocardial injury in rats. The above finding was confirmed by the histopathological analysis. These findings provided an evidence that β‐glucan could protect rat myocardium against ISO‐induced myocardial injury that was attributed to its antioxidant and anti‐apoptotic properties.

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