Oxygen Treatment for Immature Infants beyond the Delivery Room: Lessons from Randomized Studies

Without supplemental oxygen, extremely preterm infants often have low arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) compared with older children. Until recently, oxygen was administered to these infants in the early weeks after birth, with little evidence to balance the risks and benefits. Five large randomized controlled trials of lower (85%-89%) vs higher (91%-95%) pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) targets with masking of group allocation now provide high quality evidence to guide practice and serve as a baseline for future research.

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