A Pediatric Neurology Perspective on Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal Infection and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome

The sudden onset of new neuropsychiatric symptoms in children is often a challenge for both parents and physicians. For the physician, there is a broad differential diagnosis to consider, and decisions must be made about the selection of diagnostic studies as well as the choice of therapy.1 In addition, there is often a belief that, even without a documented etiology, an immediate pharmacologic treatment targeted toward an undiagnosed biological etiology will prevent worsening symptoms or permanent sequelae.

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