Spectrum of Findings in Orchiectomy Specimens of Persons Undergoing Gender Confirmation Surgery

Gender confirmation surgery (GCS) is increasingly common in persons with gender dysphoria. We describe changes seen in gonads from individuals seeking male to female physical adaptation. We studied 99 orchiectomies from 50 persons. The average age was 33years (range: 21–63). Eighty six of 99 (86.8%) testes were normal in size with an average size of 3.87cm (range: 3.0–5.5). Thirteen of 99 (13.1%) testes were hypotrophic and measured up to 2.5cm. Seminiferous tubules were reduced in diameter compared to controls (0.237 mm vs.

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