Association of Gender With Outcome and Host Response in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients*

Objective: Objective:To determine the association of gender with the presentation, outcome, and host response in critically ill patients with sepsis. Design and Setting: Design and Setting:A prospective observational cohort study in the ICU of two tertiary hospitals between January 2011 and January 2014. Patients: Patients:All consecutive critically ill patients admitted with sepsis, involving 1,815 admissions (1,533 patients). Interventions: Interventions:The host response was evaluated on ICU admission by measuring 19 plasma biomarkers reflecting organ systems implicated in sepsis pathogenesis (1,205 admissions) and by applying genome-wide blood gene expression profiling (582 admissions). Measurements and Main Results: Measurements and Main Results:Sepsis patients admitted to the ICU were more frequently males (61.0%; p

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