Survival of patients with cirrhosis and acute peptic ulcer bleeding compared with variceal bleeding using current first-line therapies

ABSTRACT

The presence of cirrhosis increases the mortality of patients with peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB). Both acute variceal bleeding (AVB) and PUB are associated with substantial mortality in cirrhosis. This multicenter cohort study was performed to assess whether the mortality of cirrhotic patients with PUB is different from that of those with AVB. Patients with cirrhosis and acute gastrointestinal bleeding were consecutively included and treated with somatostatin and PPI infusion from admission and with antibiotic prophylaxis. Emergency endoscopy with endoscopic therapy was performed within the first 6-hours. 646 patients with AVB and 144 with PUB were included. There were baseline differences between groups, such as use of gastro-erosive drugs or β-blockers. Child-Pugh and MELD scores were similar. Further bleeding was more frequent in AVB-group than in those PUB-group (18% vs 10%; OR= 0.50, 95%CI= 0.29-0.88). However, mortality risk at 45-day was similar in both groups (19% in AVB-group vs 17% in PUB-group; OR= 0.85, 95% CI= 0.55-1.33, P= 0.48). Different parameters, such as Child-Pugh score, AKI, ACLF or presence of shock or bacterial infection, but not the cause of bleeding, were related to the risk of death. Only 2% of PUB-group vs 3% of AVB-group died with uncontrolled bleeding (P= 0.39), while the majority of patients in either group died from liver failure or due to other comorbidities. Conclusions: Using current first-line-therapy, patients with cirrhosis and acute peptic ulcer bleeding have a similar survival than those with variceal bleeding. The risk of further bleeding is higher in patients with variceal hemorrhage. However, few patients in both groups died from uncontrolled bleeding, while the cause of death was usually related to liver failure or co-morbidities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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