Influence of early mineral deposits of silicate- and aluminate-based cements on push-out bond strength to root dentine

Abstract

Aim

To evaluate mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and several formulations of calcium aluminate cements (CACb) in terms of their ability to release calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and form apatite-like precipitates after short-term immersion in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and its influence on the bond strength to the root-end cavity.

Methodology

Ten samples of MTA, Biodentine, CACb, and calcium-enriched aluminate cement (CACb+) were placed in contact with PBS or deionized water for 14 days. The cement surfaces were analyzed using SEM, EDS-X, and FTIR. Eighty standardized root-end cavities filled with the cements (ten samples of each cement) were immersed in PBS or deionized water for 14 days, and the bond strengths were measured. Data from the push-out test were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05).

Results

A gradual decrease was observed in Ca²⁺ concentrations and pH of all solutions. FTIR bands of different phases of hydroxyapatite were identified. Crystalline formation was observed on the surface of all cements after immersion in PBS. No significant difference was observed in the bond strength of the test materials (p > 0.05); however, all cements without contact with the solution revealed significantly lower bond strength values than those in contact with the solution (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

MTA, Biodentine, CACb e CACb+ were associated with precipitation of crystals after being in contact with PBS for 14 days, indicated by different phases of hydroxyapatite crystalline formation, which also increased dislodgment resistance of the material from root-end cavities. The CACb+ had similar bond strengths and precipitation of crystals to existing materials.

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