Helicobacter pyhlori regulated microRNA map of human gastric cells

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Helicobacter pyhlori regulated microRNA map of human gastric cells via Helicobacter Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori is an infection of concern for its chronic colonization leading to peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. In recent times, microRNAs have been extensively studied to understand their role in the pathogenesis of this bacteria in diverse contexts of gastric diseases. The current analysis reports the microRNA-mRNA interactions that are associated with effective survival and virulence of this pathogen. Materials and Methods We convened differentially regulated human microRNAs responsive to H. pylori infection (HP-hDEmiRs) at different multiplicity of infection and time points in human gastric cell lines through retrospective data mining of experimental studies. In view of the molecular disparity of clinical samples and animal models, data from tissue, serum/plasma, urine, and ascites were excluded. Further, we utilized diverse bioinformatics approaches to retrieve experimentally validated, high-confidence targets of the HP-hDEmiRs to analyze the microRNA-mRNA interactions that are relevant to H. pylori pathogenesis. Results A total of 39 HP-hDEmiRs that showed unidirectional expression of either overexpression or downregulation were identified to modulate 23 targets explicitly studied under this infection. We also identified 476 experimentally validated targets regulated by at least 4 of the HP-hDEmiRs. In addition to the pathways prior-associated with H. pylori infection, the microRNA-mRNA interactome analysis identified several cellular processes and pathways highly associated with cell cycle, cell division, migration, and carcinogenesis. Conclusion This study generated a platform to study the mechanisms utilized by this pathogen using microRNAs as surrogate. View on Web

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International variations in carcinoma and melanoma incidence in children and adolescents

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader International variations in carcinoma and melanoma incidence in children and adolescents via Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology - current issue In order to compare the subtype distribution of carcinoma and melanoma in children and adolescents between Japan and other countries, we extracted information on cancer incidence in children and adolescents from the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer series (IICC-3) (1). The IICC-3 reports the number or incidence rates of cancers diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, from cancer registries (regional or national) worldwide. We analysed carcinoma and melanoma incidence in four countries in Asia (Japan, China, the Republic of Korea and Thailand), two countries in Africa (Egypt and Uganda), four countries in the Americas (North: The United States of America and Canada, Latin and Caribbean: Brazil and Colombia), three countries in Europe (the United Kingdom [UK], France and Germany) and two countries in Oceania (Australia and New Z ealand). Information from the Republic of Korea, USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand was obtained at the national level, and that from the other countries was extracted from one or multiple regional cancer registries. The years of incidence included in the analyses varied from country to country, ranging from 1990 to 2014, with the shortest being 12 years (Egypt: 1999–2010, UK: 2000–2011) and the longest being 24 years (Japan and China: both 1990–2013). In this study, we compared the incidence and proportional distribution of carcinoma and melanoma subtypes in children (0–14 years old) and adolescents (15–19 years old) between these countries. View on Web

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25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader 25‐Hydroxycholesterol induces odontoclastic differentiation through RANK–RANKL upregulation and NF‐κB activation in odontoblast‐like MDPC‐23 cells: An in vitro study via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Aim The physiological effects and cellular mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), which is an oxysterol synthesized from cholesterol by cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) expressed under inflammatory conditions, are still largely unknown during odontoclastogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate a 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis and its cellular mechanisms in odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. Methodology To investigate 25-HC-induced odontoclastogenesis of MDPC-23 cells and its cellular mechanism, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, dentine resorption assay, zymography, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, immunocytochemistry, and nuclear translocation were performed. The experimental values are presented as mean ± standard deviation and were compared using analysis of variance, followed by post-hoc multiple comparison (Tukey's test) using SPSS software version 22 (IBM Corp.). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Lipopolysaccharide or receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) induced the synthesis of 25-HC via the expression of CH25H in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Multinucleated giant cells with morphological characteristics and TRAP activity of the odontoclast were increased by 25-HC in MDPC-23 cells (p<0.01). Moreover, 25-HC increased dentine resorption through the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases in MDPC-23 cells. It not only increased the expression of odontoclastogenic biomarkers but also translocated cytosolic nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to the nucleus in MDPC-23 cells. Additionally, 25-HC not only increased the production of ROS (p<0.01), expression of inflammatory mediators (p<0.01), pro-inflammatory cytokines, receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), and RANKL but also suppressed the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in MDPC-23 cells. In contrast, CDDO-Me, a chemical NF-κB inhibitor, decreased TRAP activity (p<0.01) and downregulated the expression of the odontoclastogenic biomarkers, including RANK and RANKL, in MDPC-23 cells. Conclusion 25-HC induced odontoclastogenesis by modulating the RANK–RANKL–OPG axis via NF-κB activation in MDPC-23 cells. Therefore, these findings provide that 25-HC derived from cholesterol metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiological etiological factors of internal tooth resorption. View on Web

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Constructing a Mixed Simulation With 360° Virtual Reality and a High-Fidelity Simulator: Usability and Feasibility Assessment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Constructing a Mixed Simulation With 360° Virtual Reality and a High-Fidelity Simulator: Usability and Feasibility Assessment via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Virtual reality technology has been adopted to overcome barriers of conventional simulation. This study was conducted to determine the impact of mixed simulation (a 360° virtual reality and a high-fidelity simulator) on learning how to provide nursing care for patients with arrhythmia. A total of 49 students were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 25) and control (n = 23) groups. They were given four arrhythmia cases with a 360° virtual reality system first followed by a manikin-based simulation. The mixed simulation group showed greater improvement in knowledge, higher decision-making competency in "knowing and acting" (P = .025) and "seeking information from instructors" (P = .049), and lower anxiety in "using resources to gather information" (P = .031). Study participants achieved a good level of empathy (3.28 ± 0.72) and liked the program (4.56 ± 0.60). They were satisfied with the program (4.48 ± 0.65). These findings provide new insight into learning through blending of new technology. When the 360° virtual reality was used with existing manikin-based simulation, they effectively reinforced one another. The 360° virtual reality can be an effective strategy to ensure active participation to gain a comprehensive understanding of and empathy for patients. View on Web

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The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Effect of Two Different Simulation Modalities in Palliative Care Teaching on Nursing Students' Knowledge, Satisfaction, Self-confidence, and Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial via Computers Informatics Nursing - Published Ahead-of-Print Nursing students from developing countries have limited opportunities to experience palliative care. Standardized patient and low-fidelity simulations can provide realistic palliative care experiences for students. However, limited research is available on simulation-based education in Palestine. Testing and using these two types of simulation methods may be the best solution for developing countries that lack adequate resources. This study aimed to test the effects of low-fidelity simulation compared with standardized patient simulation in palliative care teaching on nursing students' knowledge, satisfaction, confidenc e, and skills. The study was a randomized controlled trial of 70 nursing students in their sophomore year. Students' knowledge was assessed with the Palliative Care Quiz for Nursing test; satisfaction and confidence with the Learner Satisfaction and Self-confidence in Learning; and skills rated by two researchers. Students' knowledge improved significantly on the posttest compared with the pretest, without significant differences between both groups. The findings showed that the utilization of the two methods in students' clinical training for scenario has the same effect on the satisfaction and confidence. The skills of the standardized patient group improved significantly more than the low-fidelity group. The study revealed that both simulation modalities are effective for palliative care nursing students. View on Web

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High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader High incidence of virus among respiratory pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection in northwestern China via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is one of the major reasons for the childhood mortality that threaten the health of the public. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological pathogens and their infection analysis among children with LRTI. Methods Sputum specimens were collected for PCR detection and microbiological tests to identify the viral infection and bacterial infection. The serological specimens were separated from venous blood using for Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) detection. Results Virus was confirmed in 86.2% of the children. Human Rhinovirus (HRV, 38.3%), Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV, 32.1%) and Parainfluenza Virus type 3 (PIV3, 27.2%) were the most frequently identified pathogens. Patients with viral and bacterial co-infection showed younger age (P=0.032), higher propotion of wheezing rales (P=0.032), three depressions sign (P=0.028) and tachypnea (P=0.038), and more likely associated with sever pneumonia (P=0.035). Additionally, older children were more susceptible with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection (P=0.032). Vomiting (P=0.011) and fever (P=0.003) were more likely to occur in children with viral-atypical bacterial co-infection. Conclusions Attention should be paid on the virus infection of LRTI, viral-bacterial co-infection and viral-atypical bacterial co-infection may have detrimental impact on the gravity of LTRI. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Comparison of Secondary Attack Rate and Viable Virus Shedding between Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Prospective Cohort Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Comparison of Secondary Attack Rate and Viable Virus Shedding between Patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta and Omicron Variants: A Prospective Cohort Study via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Backgrounds There are limited data comparing the transmission rates and kinetics of viable virus shedding of the Omicron variant to those of the Delta variant. We compared these rates in hospitalized patients infected with Delta and Omicron variants. Methods We prospectively enrolled adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in South Korea between September 2021 and May 2022. Secondary attack rates were calculated by epidemiologic investigation, and daily saliva samples were collected to evaluate viral shedding kinetics. Genomic and subgenomic SARS-CoV-2 RNA was measured by PCR, and virus culture was performed from daily saliva samples. Results A total of 88 patients with COVID-19 who agreed to daily sampling and were interviewed, were included. Of the 88 patients, 48 (59%) were infected with Delta, and 34 (41%) with Omicron; a further five patients gave undetectable or inconclusive RNA PCR results and one was suspected of being co-infected with both variants. Omicron group had a higher secondary attack rate (31% [38/124]) versus 7% [34/456], p<0.001). Survival analysis revealed that shorter viable virus shedding period was observed in Omicron variant compared with Delta variant (median 4 days, IQR [1 -7], vs. 8.5 days, IQR [5 – 12 days], p<0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that moderate-to-critical disease severity (HR 1.96), and immunocompromised status (HR 2.17) were independent predictors of prolonged viral shedding, whereas completion of initial vaccine series or 1st booster-vaccinated status (HR 0.49), and Omicron infection (HR 0.44) were independently associated with shorter viable virus s hedding. Conclusion Patients with Omicron infections had higher transmission rates but shorter periods of transmissible virus shedding than those with Delta infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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