Exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripuberal period induces prostate damage in male rats

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripuberal period induces prostate damage in male rats Via histochem Acta Histochem. 2022 Jan 9;124(1):151843. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aluminium (Al) is an important metal, but it can be toxic including for prostate tissue. This study aimed to evaluate whether exposure to aluminium chloride (AlCl3) during the peripubertal period affects ventral prostate development in rats. Male Wistar rats (30 days old) were distributed into three experimental groups: control (sterile 0.9% saline solution), AL7 (7 m g AlCl3/kg) and AL34 (34 mg AlCl3/kg). Animals were treated intraperitoneally from postnatal day (PND) 36-66 (peripubertal period). At PND67, the animals were anaesthetized and euthanized. Blood was collected for testosterone levels. The ventral prostate (VP) was removed, weighed and processed for histochemistry and immunohistochemistry to detect androgen (AR) and Ki67. Stereological and histopathological analyses, mast cell counts, and determinations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and N-acetyl glycosidase (NAG) activity and IL-6 levels were performed. The AL34 group presented a reduction in body weight and increase in MPO activity compared to the other groups. In both the AL7 and AL34 groups, there was reorganization of the prostatic tissue compartments. There was no significant difference in prostate weight, number of granulated or degranulated mast cells, or testosterone levels. In conclusion, the exposure to aluminium chloride during the peripubertal period impairs the prostatic devel opment. PMID:35021147 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151843 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Postoperative respiratory adverse events in children after endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Postoperative respiratory adverse events in children after endoscopic laryngeal cleft repair Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 13. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07250-1. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Due to the serious nature of respiratory adverse events, understanding their incidence can help in decisions regarding safe postoperative disposition. There have been no studies, however, evaluating the risk of postoperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in children undergoing endoscopic laryngeal cleft (LC) repair, which is the primary objective of this study. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent LC repair at a large tertiary children's hospital from 2015 to 2020. PRAEs were defined as having at least one of the following: remained intubated, required reintubation, required positive pressure ventilation, required high flow O2 nasal cannula, or required more than one dose of racemic epinephrine. Univariate analyses compared demographic, preoperative character istics, and intraoperative characteristics between those with and without a PRAE. RESULTS: Overall, 8/26 (31%) patients had a PRAE and there were no differences between patients who did and did not have a PRAE and most comorbidities. Younger age (p = 0.03), being male (p = 0.07), and being admitted preoperatively (p = 0.07) were potentially associated with PRAEs. Need for intraoperative intubation for any reason or duration was associated with increased incidence of PRAEs (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The overall 31% incidence of postoperative respiratory adverse events reaffirms the appropriateness of PICU disposition for a large proportion of children undergoing endoscopic LC repair. Further studies with increased sample sizes are needed to tease apart patient or procedure-specific factors that significantly increase the risk of respiratory adverse events to have more definitive evidence regarding safe postoperative disposition. PMID:35024957 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07250-1 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cochlear implant in vestibular schwannomas: long-term outcomes and critical analysis of indications

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cochlear implant in vestibular schwannomas: long-term outcomes and critical analysis of indications Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 12. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07243-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To describe our institutional experience in cochlear implantation after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection, and compare the audiological outcomes between sporadic and neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) VS sub-cohorts of patients, and in relation to preoperative contralateral hearing. METHODS: Seventeen patients (8 sporadic and 9 NF2-associated VSs) who had undergone VS resection and cochlear implant (CI) were analyzed retrospectively. Audiological outcomes at 24 months were correlated with preoperative clinical variables. The results according to VS type (sporadic vs. NF2-associated) and contralateral hearing (impaired vs. normal) were compared. RESULTS: Fourteen CIs were actively used by the patients (77.8%). Twenty-four months after CI activation, the median postoperative PTA (pure tone average) was 45.6 dB nHL and a measurable WRS (Word Recognition Score) was achieved by 44.4% of patients (median WRS = 40%). The median postoperative PTA in the implanted ear resulted better in the group with an impaired contralateral hearing (36.3 dB nHL vs. 78.8 dB nHL, p = 0.019). Good preoperative contralateral hearing status (A-B classes of AAO-HNS) was a negative prognostic factor for CI performance on open-set discrimination (OR = 28.0, 95% CI 2.07-379.25, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: CI is a viable rehabilitative option for patients with sporadic or NF2-associated VS. A good contralateral hearing adversely affects CI outcome and should be taken into consideration for patients' selection and rehabilitation programs. PMID:35018505 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07243-0 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Cerebrospinal fluid external leak after penetrating trauma in a neurologic intact infant patient: a case report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Cerebrospinal fluid external leak after penetrating trauma in a neurologic intact infant patient: a case report Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid Childs Nerv Syst. 2022 Jan 12. doi: 10.1007/s00381-021-05440-0. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cranial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is an extremely rare complication of blunt head trauma causing skull fractures, especially fractures involving the skull base. We present the case of a 10-month-old male who received glass fragments on the midline and posterior tier of his anterior fontanelle producing a cranial cerebrospinal fluid leak without any skull fracture or symptoms. Neurologic exam was completely normal and a superficial stitch wound repair was performed. He was observed for 24 h, had no antibiotic, and left with a 1-week outpatient neurosurgical follow-up. The patient had no negative outcome. Cerebrospinal fluid leak should be included in the differential diagnosis of a head trauma in a patient with open fontanelles. No similar case was found in literature. PMID:35019999 | DOI:10.1007/s00381-021-05440-0 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Assessment of age, period, and cohort effects of lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong and projection up to 2030 based on changing demographics

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Assessment of age, period, and cohort effects of lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong and projection up to 2030 based on changing demographics Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):5902-5916. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT The burden of lung cancer in Hong Kong continues to rise. We analyzed trends in lung cancer incidence and associations with age, period, and cohort from 1985 to 2019, made projections up to 2030 and examined the drivers of lung cancer incidence. We used age-period-cohort modeling to estimate age, period, and cohort effects on lung cancer incidence rates in Hong Kong between 1985 and 2019. We projected lung cancer incidence in Hong Kong from 2020 to 2030 using Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with an integrated nested Laplace approximation. We decomposed changes in the number of lung cancer cases into population growth, population aging, and epidemiologic changes. From 1985 to 2019, the number of lung cancer incident cases in Hong Kong continued to rise, yet the age-standardized incidence rates have declined for both sexes while have fluctuated for females over the past two decades. The overall annual percentage change from 1985 to 2019 was -2.29 (95% CI, -2.53 to -2.05) for males and -0.86 (95% CI, -1.06 to -0.65) for females. Age-specific annual percentages for both sexes showed a decreasing trend in all age groups and were more pronounced for females older than 65 years and males younger than 65 years. Period effects for both sexes showed a similar monotonic downward pattern, with the downward trend slowing for females after 2000. The cohort effect declined monotonically for males and started to plateau for females after the 1945 birth cohort. It was projected that the incident cases of lung cancer in Hong Kong would continue to increase, with 4,435 male cases and 3,561 female cases in 2030. Demographic decomposition suggested that population growth and population aging play an important role in the change of lung cancer cases. Much progress has been made in reducing the incidence of lung cancer in Hong Kong, but this has been offset b y demographic changes that will continue to increase the incident cases of lung cancer in Hong Kong, especially among females. There is an urgent need for continued public health policies and clinical programs for risk factor control and necessary screening. PMID:35018232 | PMC:PMC8727798 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Alpha-fetoprotein response predicts treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors or locoregional therapies

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Alpha-fetoprotein response predicts treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors or locoregional therapies Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6173-6187. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) along with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and locoregional therapies have been used increasingly to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Biomarkers are required to predict the treatment efficacy of ICIs with or without combination therapies in patients with unresectable HCC. This study enrolled 95 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC from May 2017 to June 2021 from two hospitals retrospectively. Of the 95 patients, 15 and 80 had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages B and C, respectively. The median ICI treatment duration was 3.43 (1.87-7.87) months, and 77 patients received combination therapies. Radiological imaging was not performed in 13 patients. Objective response and disease control rates were 27.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The duration of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 4. 07 (1.59-6.54) months and 14.53 (6.93-22.14) months, respectively. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) response was defined as a decline of >15% in the serum AFP level within the initial 3 months of ICI therapy according to Youden's index. AFP response was determined to be a predictor of disease control (odds ratio: 11.657, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.834-47.941, P=.001). Macrovascular invasion (MVI), AFP response (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.488, 95% CI: 0.255-0.934, P=.030), combination therapy, and disease control were predictors of PFS, and MVI, AFP response (HR: 0.344, 95% CI: 0.160-0.737, P=.006), and disease control were predictors of OS. AFP response was a predictor of disease control, PFS, and OS. These findings indicate that AFP response can serve as a biomarker to predict treatment outcomes in patients with unresectable HCC receiving ICIs with or without TKIs or locoregional therapies. PMID:35018250 | PMC:PMC8727811 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening intent and uptake among adult Non-Hispanic Black men

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Factors associated with colorectal cancer screening intent and uptake among adult Non-Hispanic Black men Via American Journal of Cancer Research Am J Cancer Res. 2021 Dec 15;11(12):6200-6213. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Non-Hispanic (NH) Black men in the United States have the lowest five-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rate across all racial/ethnic and sex subgroups and are less likely than their NH White counterparts to complete CRC screening. We hypothesized that greater masculinity barriers to medical care (MBMC) would be negatively associated with CRC screening uptake. Employing a survey design, we examined the MBMC scale and other psychosocial factors influencing CRC screening intent and uptake in a sample of 319 NH Black men aged 45 to 75 years residing in Minnesota, Ohio, and Utah. A series of ordinary least squares and logistic regression models were run with intention and uptake as the outcome variable while controlling for various demographic characteristics. Independent variables in all models included average score on the MBMC; CRC screening knowledge, beliefs and values; and barriers to and social support for CRC screening. Social support, marital status, and age were positively associated with CRC screening intention. Increased CRC screening knowledge and older age were associated with a greater likelihood of completing a stool-based screening test for CRC. Fewer masculinity-related and CRC screening barriers were associated with a greater likelihood of undergoing a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Contrary to our primary hypothesis, lesser MBMC-related perceptions were associated with increased CRC screening uptake among NH Black men. Our findings inform future CRC promotion programs and emphasize the need for multilevel interventions tailored toward this marginalized population to reduce disparities in screening and survival. PMID:35018252 | PMC:PMC8727804 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.