Fasting Plasma Glucose Increase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Risk Predictors of Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Fasting Plasma Glucose Increase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Risk Predictors of Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes DOI: 10.1055/a-2009-6937 Aim of the study To evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as risk predictors of severe clinical outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalised patients. Patients and methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalised between March 2020 and February 2021 were studied retrospectively. The NLR ratio at admission and FPG increase (day 7, day with maximal FPG) were evaluated in association with the clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Three hundred patients (165 men, 135 women) were included in the study. The mean age was 67.17±8.65 years. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 170 patients (56.7%). Fifty-four patients (18%) were intubated and 49 (16.3%) died. Greater increase in FPG (79.5 vs. 44.5 mg/dL for day 1–7, p<0.001; and 113.5 vs. 75 mg/dL for day 1-day with maximum glucose value, p<0.001) and higher NLR at admission (10.65 vs. 6.85) were seen in patients with need of high-flow oxygen compared to those without need, and they were associated with a higher probability of intubation and death. Conclusion FPG increase and NLR could be significant risk predictors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in T2DM hospitalised patients. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text View on Web

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Analysis of Imaging Results for Semisitting Compared with Supine Positioning in the Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Vestibular Schwannomas

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Analysis of Imaging Results for Semisitting Compared with Supine Positioning in the Retrosigmoid Approach for Resection of Cerebellopontine Angle Vestibular Schwannomas via Otology & Neurotology Current Issue Objective To compare the completeness of resection of vestibular schwannomas using three-dimensional segmented volumetric analysis of pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients undergoing supine and semisitting positioning for the retrosigmoid approach. Study Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary medical center. Patients Patients with vestibular schwannomas undergoing surgical resection via the retrosigmoid approach. Intervention(s) Tumor resection via the retrosigmoid approach with different patient positioning: standard supine versus semisitting. Main Outcome Measure(s) Preoperative versus postoperative three-dimensional segmented volumetric MRI analysis of vestibular schwannomas. Results A total of 43 patients (15 supine and 28 semisitting) underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of vestibular schwannomas. For the conventional supine and semisitting positioning, mean preoperative tumor volumes were 12.65 and 8.73 cm3 (p = 0.15), respectively. Postoperative mean tumor volumes for the supine and semisitting positions were 2.09 and 0.48 cm3 (p = 0.13), respectively. There were 11 cases of postoperative sigmoid sinus thrombosis, 3 in the conventional supine group and 8 in the semisitting groups, and there were 6 cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks, all in the semisitting group. The mean House–Brackmann scores for the supine and semisitting groups were 2.9 and 2.3, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the rates of these or any other postoperative complications. Conclusions The semisitting position for the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach for vestibular schwannoma resection does not compromise the ability to adequately resect the tumor as seen by volumetric MRI results. Further studies are needed to establish the safety of this position compared with the traditional supine approach. View on Web

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STAT3 regulates 5‐Fu resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by promoting Mcl‐1‐dependent cytoprotective autophagy

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader STAT3 regulates 5‐Fu resistance in human colorectal cancer cells by promoting Mcl‐1‐dependent cytoprotective autophagy via Cancer Science Abstract Chemoresistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu)-based chemotherapy is one of the primary reasons for the failure of colorectal cancer (CRC) management. STAT3 can mediate tumor drug resistance through a variety of diverse mechanisms. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of STAT3-induced 5-Fu resistance in CRC are still poorly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanism(s) of STAT3-induced 5-Fu resistance in CRC. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test the expression of STAT3 and Mcl-1 in chemosensitive and chemoresistant CRC tissues and cell lines. After overexpression or knockdown of STAT3 or Mcl-1, and/or treated with or without 5-Fu or chloroquine (CQ), we tested cell viability, inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 5-FU, cell apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and autophagy. STAT3 and Mcl-1 were significantly upregulated in the chemoresistant CRC tissues and cell lines, and STAT3 positively regulated Mcl-1. Functional studies demonstrated that STAT3 promoted 5-Fu resistance in CRC. Mechanistically, STAT3 triggered autophagy via Mcl-1 to induce cancer chemoresistance. Our results show that STAT3 regulates 5-Fu resistance in CRC by promoting Mcl-1-dependent cytoprotective autophagy. Our results provide a novel role of STAT3 and may offer a new approach for managing CRC 5-Fu resistance. View on Web

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Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers via Movement Disorders Abstract Background Epidemiological studies that examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancers led to inconsistent results, but they face a number of methodological difficulties. Objective We used results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to study the genetic correlation between PD and different cancers to identify common genetic risk factors. Methods We used individual data for participants of European ancestry from the Courage-PD (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease; PD, N = 16,519) and EPITHYR (differentiated thyroid cancer, N = 3527) consortia and summary statistics of GWASs from iPDGC (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; PD, N = 482,730), Melanoma Meta-Analysis Consortium (MMAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer), the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (prostate cancer), International Lung Cancer Consortium (lung cancer), and Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (ovarian cancer) (N comprised between 36,017 and 228,951 for cancer GWASs). We estimated the genetic correlation between PD and cancers using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We studied the association between PD and polymorphisms associated with cancers, and vice versa, using cross-phenotypes polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses. Results We confirmed a previously reported positive genetic correlation of PD with melanoma (Gcorr = 0.16 [0.04; 0.28]) and reported an additional significant positive correlation of PD with prostate cancer (Gcorr = 0.11 [0.03; 0.19]). There was a significant inverse association between the PRS for ovarian cancer and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89 [0.84; 0.94]). Conversely, the PRS of PD was positively associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.08 [1.06; 1.10]) and inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.95 [0.91; 0.99]). The association between PD and ovarian cancer was mostly driven by rs183211 located in an intron of the NSF gene (17q21.31). Conclusions We show evidence in favor of a contribution of pleiotropic genes to the association between PD and specific cancers. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. View on Web

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Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Exposure to Particulate Matter and Respirable Crystalline Silica in Tunnel Construction Workers Using Tunnel Boring Machines via Annals of Work Exposures and Health Advance Access Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the exposure to a selection of aerosols and gases in the work environment for workers performing tunnel construction using tunnel boring machines (TBMs), to identify determinants of exposure based on the information available and to calculate robust estimates of exposure using a statistical model. The focus was particulate matter (PM) and respirable crystalline silica (RCS). In addition, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), elemental carbon (EC), and oil mist were assessed. Methods Personal sampling was conducted from February 2017 to February 2019. PM in the thoracic and the respirable aerosol fractions was collected, and RCS was determined in the respirable aerosol fraction. Context information was collected on questionnaires. Because the workers could participate in the sampling more than once and multiple measurements were performed on the same date a mixed model was use d in the analysis. Concentrations of PM and RCS are presented as estimated and measured geometric means (GMest and GMmea) and estimated arithmetic mean (AMest) in addition to the median. Measured concentrations of NO2, EC, and oil mist are presented as geometric means. Results A total of 290 and 289 personal samples of PM in the thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions were available for analysis, respectively. Work title/work location, type of work (production, maintenance, or a combination of the two), and date of sampling were identified as determinants of exposure. Workers in the front of the TBMs had the highest exposure to PM and RCS. The GMest of RCS exposure varied from 35 to 413 μg m–3 depending on the work title. The geometric standard deviations for measured RCS concentrations by work title ranged from 1.6 to 3.5. A total of 16 samples of NO2 and EC and 12 samples of oil mist were co llected. Maximum values of NO2 and EC were 54 µg m–3 and 23 µg m–3, respectively. The maximum measured value of oil mist was 0.08 mg m–3. Conclusions All TBM workers were exposed to PM and RCS. Exposure to RCS may be substantial, and workers in front of the TBM were exposed to the highest concentrations of both PM and RCS. A day-to-day variation was found, probably caused by differences in drilling activities. Preventive measures are warranted to keep the exposure to PM and consequently the exposure to RCS as low as possible to protect the health of workers in tunnel construction. View on Web

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TRIM21 inhibits irradiation-induced mitochondrial DNA release and impairs antitumour immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour models

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader TRIM21 inhibits irradiation-induced mitochondrial DNA release and impairs antitumour immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour models via Nature Communications - current - nature.com science feeds Nature Communications, Published online: 16 February 2023; doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36523-y The molecular mechanisms determining the response to radiotherapy remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase and intracellular Fc receptor, TRIM21, impairs CD8+ T cell responses in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour models following ionizing radiation. View on Web

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Clinicopathologic Features and Frozen Diagnostic Pitfalls of Bronchiolar Adenoma/Ciliated Muconodular Papillary Tumors (BA/CMPTs)

AlexandrosSfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Clinicopathologic Features and Frozen Diagnostic Pitfalls of Bronchiolar Adenoma/Ciliated Muconodular Papillary Tumors (BA/CMPTs) via The American Journal of Surgical Pathology - Published Ahead-of-Print To describe the histologic features of bronchiolar adenoma/ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (BA/CMPTs) and analyze the pitfalls in diagnosis from frozen sections. A total of 208 frozen and permanent sections of BA/CMPTs from Shanghai Chest Hospital from July 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age of BA/CMPT patients was 65 years (15 to 79 y), and women accounted for 61.62% (122/198). The median size of BA/C MPTs was 0.6 cm (range 0.2 to 2 cm), of which 88.94% were small (≤1 cm, 185/208). In terms of location, the right lower lobe accounted for 44.23% (92/208), and the left lower lobe accounted for 33.65% (70/208). In 10 patients with 2 independent BA/CMPTs, 5 lesions were located in the left lower lobe and 4 in the right lower lobe. A total of 86.06% of the CT images of BA/CMPT showed solid/subsolid nodules (179/208). Among 208 tumors, 68.75% were distal type (143/208), and 31.25% were proximal type (65/208). The qualitative error rate of frozen sections was 21.33% (32/150), of which the distal type accounted for 75% (24/32); most of them were misdiagnosed as invasive adenocarcinoma during frozen diagnosis. The frozen diagnosis of BA/CMPTs might result in misdiagnosis as invasive adenocarcinoma. A careful search for characteristics of BA/CMPT, such as bilayer epithelial cells with basal cells and a lack of cellular atypia and invasive growth patterns, may be helpful fo r frozen diagnosis. View on Web

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