Whole‐exome sequencing in 20,197 persons for rare variants in Alzheimer's disease

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2IPLiag

What is a Computer? A Survey

Abstract

A critical survey of some attempts to define 'computer', beginning with some informal ones (from reference books, and definitions due to H. Simon, A.L. Samuel, and M. Davis), then critically evaluating those of three philosophers (J.R. Searle, P.J. Hayes, and G. Piccinini), and concluding with an examination of whether the brain and the universe are computers.

https://ift.tt/2s5vXvx

On the Prowl: Examining the Impact of Men-as-Predators and Women-as-Prey Metaphors on Attitudes that Perpetuate Sexual Violence

Abstract

A common metaphor used to describe heterosexual relationships frames men as predators and women as prey. The present work assessed potential consequences of these metaphoric portrayals. Participants read a heterosexual dating scenario that did or did not metaphorically frame the situation in predator and prey terms. Using a U.S. college undergraduate sample of 120 women and 82 men in Study 1, exposure to these metaphors led to greater rape myth acceptance among men (but not among women). Using a broader sample of 76 women and 72 men via MTurk, Study 2 replicated these results and also found metaphor exposure led to greater rape myth acceptance and rape proclivity. Furthermore, a mediation analysis indicated that men exposed to these metaphors were more likely to accept rape myths, which in turn predicted their self-reported greater rape proclivity. Such results demonstrate the harmful outcomes that can result from describing romantic interactions where men are the predators and women are the prey.

https://ift.tt/2J3Sumu

Rapidly increasing off‐label use of rituximab in multiple sclerosis in Sweden — Outlier or predecessor?

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2x8HIq0

The effect of aberrant expression and genetic polymorphisms of Rad21 on cervical cancer biology

Cancer Medicine, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2IMqPqV

X chromosome gain is related to increased androgen receptor expression in male breast cancer

Abstract

X chromosome gain has been previously described in male breast cancer (MBC). Androgen receptor (AR) gene is located on X chromosome. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the X chromosome gain in the development of MBC and its relation with AR gene copy number and expression.

The X chromosome status was assessed in 66 cases of male invasive and in situ duct breast carcinoma, in 34 cases of gynecomastia associated with cancer, and in 11 cases of tumor-free gynecomastia. Cases were tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to assess the X chromosome status and AR amplification. AR expression was studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, AR methylation status was assessed.

X chromosome gain was observed in 74.7% of invasive duct carcinoma, in 20.6% of in situ duct carcinoma, and in 14.6% of gynecomastia when associated with cancer, while all cases of tumor-free gynecomastia showed wild X chromosome asset. AR gene copy number when increased paralleled the number of X chromosomes. AR IHC expression was observed in 100% of MBC tested. AR gene methylation status revealed low level or absence of methylation.

These data suggest that X chromosome can play a role in the neoplastic transformation of male breast epithelium. X chromosome gain is paralleled by AR gene polysomy. Polysomic AR genes show low methylation levels and high AR protein expression on IHC. These data should be taken into consideration for MBC treatment planning.

https://ift.tt/2xabsCZ

A 2D finite element model for shear wave propagation in biological soft tissues: Application to magnetic resonance elastography

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2xdySHK