Previewing the 21st John H.P. Maley Lecture

Attend NEXT in Nashville, June 8-11, to experience the Maley Lecture, "Pain Management: Roadmap to Revolution," by Steven Z. George. www.apta.org/NEXT

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Previewing the 47th Mary McMillan Lecture

Attend NEXT in Nashville, June 8-11, to experience the McMillan Lecture, "Our Future Selves: Unprecedented Opportunities," by Carole B. Lewis, PT, DPT, PhD, GCS, GTC, MSC, FAPTA. www.apta.org/NEXT

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Catalysts, Vol. 6, Pages 47: Homo-Polymerization of 1-Hexene Catalysed by O^N^N (Salicylaldimine)Iron(III) Pre-Catalysts to Branched Poly(1-hexene)

Five new iron(III) 1-hexene polymerisation catalysts were prepared from the reactions of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylimino)methylphenol (L1), or 4-tert-butyl-6-(2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylimino)methylphenol (L2) or 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-[(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethylimino)-methyl-phenol (L3) with anhydrous iron(II) halides to form [FeCl2(L1)] (1), [FeBr2(L1)] (2), [FeI2(L1)] (3), [FeBr2(L2)] (4) and [FeCl2(L3)] (5). All the iron(III) complexes 1–5 were activated with EtAlCl2 to produce active catalysts for the polymerisation of 1-hexene to low molecular weight poly(1-hexene) (Mn = 1021–1084 Da) and very narrow polydispersity indices (1.19–1.24). 1H and 13C{1H} NMR analysis showed the polymers are branched with methyl, butyl and longer chain branches. The longer chain branches are dominant indicating that 2,1-insertion of monomer is favoured over 1,2-insertion in the polymerisation reaction.

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Sinusitis, Vol. 1, Pages 49-54: Chronic Rhinosinusitis as a Crucial Symptom of Cystic Fibrosis—Case Report and Discussion on the Sinonasal Compartment as Site of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acquisition into CF Airways

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent congenital lethal disease in Caucasians. Impaired mucociliary clearance causes chronic bacterial rhinosinusitis in up to 62% of patients, and almost all patients exhibit sinonasal pathology in CT scans. Pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) chronically colonize about 70% of the CF adults' lungs and are the major reason for pulmonary destruction and premature death. In our 34-year-old female CF patient, rhinosinusitis caused massive orbital hypertelorism despite three sinonasal operations. Her sputum samples had always been negative for P.a. Then, P.a. was primarily detected in her sputum and additionally in nasal lavage, which since then persisted in both, her upper and lower airways. The P.a. strains turned out to be genetically identical in both airway levels, indicating early colonization of the entire airway system with P.a. This first report on simultaneous primary P.a. detection in the sinonasal and pulmonary compartments highlights the need to include an assessment of upper airway colonization in the standards of CF care, particularly in patients without chronic P.a. colonization. Both airway levels need to be considered as one united system, and a strong cooperation between ENT and CF specialists should be established. Prospective longitudinal studies should assess the upper airways´ role in acquisition and persistence of pathogens and evaluate conservative and surgical therapeutic options.

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Inhibition of Asthma in OVA Sensitized Mice Model by a Traditional Uygur Herb Nepeta bracteata Benth.

Asthma is a chronic lung inflammation which affects many people. As current therapies for asthma mainly rely on administration of glucocorticoids and have many side effects, new therapy is needed. In this study, we investigated Nepeta bracteata Benth., a traditional Uygur Herb, for its therapeutics effect in OVA induced asthmatic mice model. Treatment of OVA sensitized asthma mice with extract from Nepeta bracteata Benth. demonstrated improved lung pathology, as well as reduced infiltration of eosinophil and neutrophil. Nepeta bracteata Benth. extract also contributed to the rebalance of Th17/Treg cell via decreasing the Th17 cell and increasing the Treg, which was corresponding with the inhibited Th17 cytokine response and increased IL-10 level. Moreover, the reduced TGF-β level and Smad2/3 protein level also suggested that Nepeta bracteata Benth. extract could inhibit TGF-β mediated airway remodelling as well. Taken together, these data suggested that Nepeta bracteata Benth. may be a novel candidate for future antiasthma drug development.

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The Effectiveness of Cupping Therapy on Relieving Chronic Neck and Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cupping therapy (CT) in changes on skin surface temperature (SST) for relieving chronic neck and shoulder pain (NSP) among community residents. A single-blind experimental design constituted of sixty subjects with self-perceived NSP. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. The cupping group received CT at SI 15, GB 21, and LI 15 acupuncture points, and the control group received no intervention. Pain was assessed using the SST, visual analog scale (VAS), and blood pressure (BP). The main results were SST of GB 21 acupuncture point raised from 30.6°C to 32.7°C and from 30.7°C to 30.6°C in the control group. Neck pain intensity (NPI) severity scores were reduced from 9.7 to 3.6 in the cupping group and from 9.7 to 9.5 in the control group. The SST and NPI differences between the groups were statistically significant (). One treatment of CT is shown to increase SST. In conjunction with the physiological effect the subjective experience of NSP is reduced in intensity. Further studies are required to improve the understanding and potential long-term effects of CT.

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Attentional guidance by relative features: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

Abstract

Our ability to select task-relevant information from cluttered visual environments is widely believed to be due to our ability to tune attention to the particular elementary feature values of a sought-after target (e.g., red, orange, yellow). By contrast, recent findings showed that attention is often tuned to feature relationships, that is, features that the target has relative to irrelevant features in the context (e.g., redder, yellower). However, the evidence for such a relational account is so far exclusively based on behavioral measures that do not allow a safe inference about early perceptual processes. The present study provides a critical test of the relational account, by measuring an electrophysiological marker in the EEG of participants (N2pc) in response to briefly presented distractors (cues) that could either match the physical features of the target or its relative features. In a first experiment, the target color and nontarget color were kept constant across trials. In line with a relational account, we found that only cues with the same relative color as the target were attended, regardless of whether the cues had the same physical color as the target. In a second experiment, we demonstrate that attention is biased to the exact target feature value when the target is embedded in a randomly varying context. Taken together, these results provide the first electrophysiological evidence that attention can modulate early perceptual processes differently; in a context-dependent manner versus a context-independent manner, resulting in marked differences in the range of colors that can attract attention.

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