Background Plasma genotyping is an emerging approach for the identification of genetic alterations mediating resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)–targeted therapy. The authors reviewed plasma genotyping and imaging findings to assess the correlation between circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) burden and disease burden in patients with ALK‐positive lung cancer. Methods The authors analyzed 97 plasma specimens from 75 patients with ALK‐positive lung cancer to identify ALK and non‐ALK alterations....
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:44
Background Decision making regarding the initial treatment of women with breast cancer is complicated. In the current study, the authors examined the relationship between treatment choices and their children's ages among young women with early‐stage breast cancer. Methods Using the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, the authors identified women aged 20 to 50 years who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy for early‐stage breast cancer between 2008 and 2014. Predictors of compliance...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:41
Background Inhibition of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) pathway has demonstrated clinical benefit in metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC); however, response rates of 15% to 26% highlight the need for more effective therapies. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition may suppress myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and improve T‐cell activation. Methods The Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Acalabrutinib and Pembrolizumab Immunotherapy Dual Checkpoint Inhibition in Platinum‐Resistant...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:40
LAY SUMMARY Despite longer survival with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1)/programmed cell death–ligand 1 (PD‐L1), metastatic urothelial carcinoma remains lethal. There is an unmet need to further improve the efficacy of these agents. In their phase 2 trial, Zhang et al. evaluated the combination of pembrolizumab (a PD‐1 inhibitor) plus acalabrutinib (a novel agent inhibiting an enzyme considered relevant to immunotherapy resistance) based on...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:40
Background The objective of the current study was to provide insight into the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on breast cancer screening, breast surgery, and genetics consultations. Methods User data from a risk assessment company were collected from February 2 to April 11, 2020. The use of risk assessment was used as a proxy for the use of 3 breast cancer services, namely, breast imaging, breast surgery, and genetics consultation. Changes in the use of these services during...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 17:14
Background The objective of the current study was to investigate the clinical activity of, safety of, and predictive biomarkers for afatinib, an irreversible pan‐ErbB kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (R/M‐ESCC). Methods Patients with R/M‐ESCC that was refractory to platinum‐based chemotherapy were enrolled in the current multicenter, single‐arm, phase 2 study and received afatinib at a dose of 40 mg/day. The primary endpoint...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 17:11
Background Family history (FH) remains one of the strongest risk factors for many common cancers and is used to determine cancer genetic counseling (CGC) eligibility, but the understanding of familial cancer patterns in African Americans is limited. Methods This study evaluated cancer FH among African Americans with invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, or colorectal cancer (CRC) in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) cohort. Associations between participant cancer...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 17:09
Background Although elderly patients (≥70 years) represent 30% of new diagnoses of soft tissue sarcoma (STS), they are underrepresented in clinical trials and are often unfit to receive standard anthracycline‐based chemotherapy. Trabectedin is registered as a second‐line treatment for advanced STS and is characterized by a favorable safety profile. Methods The aim of this single‐arm, phase 2 study was to investigate trabectedin (scheduled dose, 1.3‐1.5 mg/m2) as a first‐line treatment in elderly...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 17:06
Abstract Purpose Targeting of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a standard therapeutic strategy for various cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic effect of pretreatment PD-L1 expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets for patients with several cancer types receiving anti-PD-1 blockade therapies. ...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) is a transcription factor implicated in the regulation of T cell exhaustion during chronic infection and cancer. While TOX is being targeted for cancer immunotherapy, limited information is available about its significance in breast cancer and other solid tumors. We performed a comprehensive analysis of TOX gene expression, its epigenetic regulation, protein localization, relation to tumor infiltrating...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Purpose Management of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) has undergone a paradigm shift with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in the first-line setting. However, direct comparative data are inadequate to inform treatment decisions. Therefore, we aimed to assess first-line therapy for mRCC and indirectly compare the efficacy and safety of currently available treatments. ...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Central nervous system tumors are classified based on an integrated diagnosis combining histology and molecular characteristics, including IDH1/2 and H3‐K27M mutations, as well as 1p/19q codeletion. Here, we aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of a glioma‐tailored 48‐gene next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel for integrated glioma diagnosis. We designed a glioma‐tailored 48‐gene NGS panel for detecting 1p/19q codeletion and mutations in IDH1/2 , TP53 , PTEN , PDGFRA , NF1 , RB1...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 22:21
Abstract Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer due to lack of early screening methods and acquired drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are effective post‐transcriptional regulators that are transferred by extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes. Numerous studies have revealed that miRNAs are differentially expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and act either as oncogenes or tumor‐suppressor genes. Cancer cells secrete exosomes containing miRNAs, which exert various effects on...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 11:45
The development of next generation sequencing technology has dramatically improved our understanding of the genetic landscape of multiple myeloma. Several new drivers and recurrent events have been reported and linked to a potential driver role. This complex landscape is enhanced by intra-clonal mutational heterogeneity and variability introduced through the dimensions of time and space. The evolutionary history of multiple myeloma is driven by both the accumulation of different genomic drivers and...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:02
In the Checkmate 275 study, composite biomarkers appear to better predict response to immunotherapy over individual ones. Nevertheless, the path forward needs consensus guidelines for biomarker interpretation. Thereafter prospective validation with real-time, serial bio-specimen collection along with the development of composite biomarker models leads to the goal of personalized therapy.
Wed Aug 05, 2020 16:02
Publication date: September 2020Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 137Author(s): Michiel C.T. van Zeijl, Florine L. Boer, Mariëtte I.E. van Poelgeest, Alfons J.M. van den Eertwegh, Michel W.J.M. Wouters, Liesbeth C. de Wreede, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Franchette W.P.J. van den Berkmortel, Jan Willem B. de Groot, Geke A.P. Hospers, Djura Piersma, Rozemarijn S. van Rijn, Karijn P.M. Suijkerbuijk, Albert J. ten Tije, Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Gerard Vreugdenhil, Marye J. Boers-Sonderen, Ellen H.W....
Wed Aug 05, 2020 22:59
Publication date: September 2020Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 137Author(s): Alice Bergamini, Naveed Sarwar, Gabriella Ferrandina, Giovanna Scarfone, Dee Short, Xianne Aguiar, Cristina Camnasio, Baljeet Kaur, Philip M. Savage, Gennaro Cormio, Adrian Lim, Sandro Pignata, Giorgia Mangili, Michael J. Seckl
Wed Aug 05, 2020 22:59
Publication date: September 2020Source: European Journal of Cancer, Volume 137Author(s): Angela Lamarca, Melissa Frizziero, Alexander Fulton, Mairéad G. McNamara, Rafik Filobbos, Richard A. Hubner, Steve Wardell, Juan W. Valle
Wed Aug 05, 2020 22:59
Publication date: Available online 5 August 2020Source: European Journal of Surgical OncologyAuthor(s): W.J. Koemans, R.T. van der Kaaij, E. Wassenaar, C. Grootscholten, H. Boot, D. Boerma, M. Los, O. Imhof, J.H.M. Schellens, H. Rosing, A.D.R. Huitema, J.W. van Sandick
Wed Aug 05, 2020 22:49
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
Wed Aug 05, 2020 12:12
Related Articles Survival prediction model for patients with mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome. Future Oncol. 2020 Aug 04;: Authors: Zhu L, Han X, Liu Z, Leng S, Shan N, Lv X, Lu K, Hun S, Wu Y, Liu X Abstract Aim: A nomogram was constructed to forecast the overall survival (OS) of patients with mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome. Patients & Methods: The clinicopathological information of patients was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology,...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 15:04
Abstract Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma, an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm composed of plump spindled and/or epithelioid endothelial cells, may present multicentrically and tends to locally recur but rarely metastasizes. Morphologic resemblance to epithelioid sarcoma and other spindle cell neoplasms may result in diagnostic confusion. Molecular characterization of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma has revealed these neoplasms often harbor a rearrangement of the FOSB gene with SERPINE1 or...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 12:24
Abstract Maximizing participation in cancer research is important to improve the validity and generalizability of research findings. We conducted a four‐arm randomized controlled trial to test the impact of a novel video invitation on participant response. We invited childhood cancer survivors and parents of survivors <16 years to complete questionnaires. We compared response rates to an invitation letter (control) vs receiving the letter plus a video invitation on a flash‐drive presented by...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 22:17
Abstract Outcomes of treatments for patients with breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain suboptimal, especially for systemic therapy. To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic and local therapy (surgery [S], stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS] and whole brain radiotherapy [WBRT]) in BCBM patients, we analyzed the data of 873 BCBM patients from 1999 to 2012. The median overall survival (OS) and time‐to‐progression in the brain (TTP‐b) after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) were 9.1 and 7.1 months,...
Tue Aug 04, 2020 22:15
Abstract Introduction Brain tumors remain especially challenging to treat due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier. The unique biophysical properties of nanomaterials enable access to the tumor environment with minimally invasive injection methods such as intranasal and systemic delivery. Methods In this review, we will discuss approaches taken...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Abstract Introduction Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) remains a promising advance in the treatment of primary central nervous system malignancies. As indications for its use continue to expand, there has been growing interest in its ability to induce prolonged blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability through hyperthermia, potentially increasing the effectiveness of current therapeutics including BBB-impermeant agents and immunotherapy...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Intensity-modulated re-radiotherapy (reIMRT) has been established as a standard local treatment option in patients with non-resectable, recurrent head and neck cancer (rHNC). However, the clinical outcome is u...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an extremely challenging disease with a high mortality rate and a short overall survival time. The poor prognosis can be explained by aggressive tumor growth, late di...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) is recognized as an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) in selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by the European Association of Urology, American Urological Association, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines [1–3]. Although it is clear that CRT is superior to radiation alone [4], the ideal concurrent chemotherapy regimen has not yet been determined. No comparative radiosensitizer data for the treatment of MIBC exist and CRT...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
Compared to radiotherapy using photons, the superior beam properties of protons can be translated into two main strategies to obtain a clinical benefit: 1) dose escalation to improve local tumor control without increasing the risk of unacceptable radiation-induced toxicity, or 2) the sparing of healthy tissues with equivalent target dose to reduce the risk of radiation-induced side effects with similar tumor control. For the latter group of indications, the model-based approach was developed [1,2].
Wed Aug 05, 2020 03:00
The measurement of RNA abundance derived from massively parallel sequencing experiments is an essential technique. Methods that reduce ribosomal RNA levels are usually required prior to sequencing library construction because ribosomal RNA typically comprises the vast majority of a total RNA sample. For some experiments, ribosomal RNA depletion is favored over poly(A) selection because it offers a more inclusive representation of the transcriptome. However, methods to deplete ribosomal RNA are generally...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 20:05
PHAX (Phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export) promotes nuclear export of short transcripts of RNA polymerase II such as spliceosomal U snRNA precursors, as well as intra-nuclear transport of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). However, it remains unknown whether PHAX has other critical functions. Here we show that PHAX is required for efficient DNA damage response (DDR) via regulation of phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (H2AX), a key factor for DDR. Knockdown of PHAX led to a significant reduction...
Wed Aug 05, 2020 19:18
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