International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HK0QzH
Τετάρτη 2 Μαΐου 2018
A TGF‐β1 genetic variant at the miRNA187 binding site significantly modifies risk of HPV16‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
The clinical utility of pharmacometric models
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Ky42MA
Oleuropein, a component of extra virgin olive oil, lowers postprandial glycaemia in healthy subjects
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FCUCMb
Protein cross‐linking and the Maillard reaction decrease the solubility of milk protein concentrates
Food Science &Nutrition, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2JN7EJf
Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in Paget disease: a SEER population‐based study
Cancer Medicine, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2w9sKQ7
Effect of partial or total supplementation of soybean meal with fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) seed meal in the diet of hybrid Catfish (Heteroclarias) fingerlings
Food Science &Nutrition, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2KyBQt0
A novel plasma circular RNA circFARSA is a potential biomarker for non‐small cell lung cancer
Cancer Medicine, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2I8oMfv
Efficacy and safety of first-line sunitinib in Chinese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
https://ift.tt/2HLFC4o
The importance of food, nutrition and physical activity in cancer prevention: an interview with Dr Kate Allen
Future Oncology, Ahead of Print.
https://ift.tt/2w9h4gf
microRNA-451a regulates colorectal cancer proliferation in response to radiation
Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The biologic response of CRC to standard of care adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to affect CRC progression and metastasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that specific miRs modulate CRC response to chemoradiation.
Methods
In this study, we used miR expression profiling and discovered a set of microRNAs upregulated rapidly in response to either a single 2 Gy dose fraction or a 10 Gy dose of γ-radiation in mouse colorectal carcinoma models. We used gain and loss-of-function studies in 2D and 3Dcell proliferation assays and colony formation assays to understand the role of the top miR candidate from our profiling. We used Student's T-tests for simple comparisons and two-factor ANOVA for evaluating significance.
Results
The most upregulated candidate at early time points in our signature, miR-451a inhibited tumor cell proliferation and attenuated surviving fraction in longer-term cultures. Conversely, inhibition of miR-451a increased proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and surviving fraction of tumor cells. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identified four genes, CAB39, EMSY, MEX3C, and EREG, as targets of miR-451a. Transfection of miR-451a decreased both mRNA and protein levels of these targets. Importantly, we found miR-451a expression was high and CAB39, EMSY levels were low in a small subset of rectal cancer patients who had a partial response to chemoradiation when compared to patients that had no response. Finally, analysis of a TCGA colorectal cancer dataset revealed that CAB39 and EMSY are upregulated at the protein level in a significant number of CRC patients. Higher levels of CAB39 and EMSY correlated with poorer overall survival.
Conclusions
Taken together, our data indicates miR-451a is induced by radiation and may influence colorectal carcinoma proliferation via CAB39 and EMSY pathways.
https://ift.tt/2JOg2bC
Emotional predictors of bowel screening: the avoidance-promoting role of fear, embarrassment, and disgust
Abstract
Background
Despite considerable efforts to address practical barriers, colorectal cancer screening numbers are often low. People do not always act rationally, and investigating emotions may offer insight into the avoidance of screening. The current work assessed whether fear, embarrassment, and disgust predicted colorectal cancer screening avoidance.
Methods
A community sample (N = 306) aged 45+ completed a questionnaire assessing colorectal cancer screening history and the extent that perceptions of cancer risk, colorectal cancer knowledge, doctor discussions, and a specifically developed scale, the Emotional Barriers to Bowel Screening (EBBS), were associated with previous screening behaviours and anticipated bowel health decision-making.
Results
Step-wise logistic regression models revealed that a decision to delay seeking healthcare in the hypothetical presence of bowel symptoms was less likely in people who had discussed risk with their doctor, whereas greater colorectal cancer knowledge and greater fear of a negative outcome predicted greater likelihood of delay. Having previously provided a faecal sample was predicted by discussions about risk with a doctor, older age, and greater embarrassment, whereas perceptions of lower risk predicted a lower likelihood. Likewise, greater insertion disgust predicted a lower likelihood of having had an invasive bowel screening test in the previous 5 years.
Conclusions
Alongside medical and demographic factors, fear, embarrassment and disgust are worthy of consideration in colorectal cancer screening. Understanding how specific emotions impact screening decisions and behaviour is an important direction for future work and has potential to inform screening development and communications in bowel health.
https://ift.tt/2IbSYXc
Tissue-Specific Transcriptome for Poeciliopsis prolifica Reveals Evidence for Genetic Adaptation Related to the Evolution of a Placental Fish
The evolution of the placenta is an excellent model to examine the evolutionary processes underlying adaptive complexity due to the recent, independent derivation of placentation in divergent animal lineages. In fishes, the family Poeciliidae offers the opportunity to study placental evolution with respect to variation in degree of post-fertilization maternal provisioning among closely related sister species. In this study, we present a detailed examination of a new reference transcriptome sequence for the live-bearing, matrotrophic fish, Poeciliopsis prolifica, from multiple-tissue RNA-seq data. We describe the genetic components active in liver, brain, late-stage embryo, and the maternal placental/ovarian complex, as well as associated patterns of positive selection in a suite of orthologous genes found in fishes. Results indicate the expression of many signaling transcripts, "non-coding" sequences and repetitive elements in the maternal placental/ovarian complex. Moreover, patterns of positive selection in protein sequence evolution were found associated with live-bearing fishes, generally, and the placental P. prolifica, specifically, that appear independent of the general live-bearer lifestyle. Much of the observed patterns of gene expression and positive selection are congruent with the evolution of placentation in fish functionally converging with mammalian placental evolution and with the patterns of rapid evolution facilitated by the teleost-specific whole genome duplication event.
https://ift.tt/2w7QrZk
Sex Determination in Ceratopteris richardii Is Accompanied by Transcriptome Changes That Drive Epigenetic Reprogramming of the Young Gametophyte
The fern Ceratopteris richardii is an important model for studies of sex determination and gamete differentiation in homosporous plants. Here we use RNA-seq to de novo assemble a transcriptome and identify genes differentially expressed in young gametophytes as their sex is determined by the presence or absence of the male-inducing pheromone called antheridiogen. Of the 1,163 consensus differentially expressed genes identified, the vast majority (1,030) are up-regulated in gametophytes treated with antheridiogen. GO term enrichment analyses of these DEGs reveals that a large number of genes involved in epigenetic reprogramming of the gametophyte genome are up-regulated by the pheromone. Additional hormone response and development genes are also up-regulated by the pheromone. This C. richardii gametophyte transcriptome and gene expression dataset will prove useful for studies focusing on sex determination and differentiation in plants.
https://ift.tt/2HKdDlP
Tissue-Specific Functions of fem-2/PP2c Phosphatase and fhod-1/formin During Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Morphogenesis
The cytoskeleton is the basic machinery that drives many morphogenetic events. Elongation of the C. elegans embryo from a spheroid into a long, thin larva initially results from actomyosin contractility, mainly in the lateral epidermal seam cells, while the corresponding dorsal and ventral epidermal cells play a more passive role. This is followed by a later elongation phase involving muscle contraction. Early elongation is mediated by parallel genetic pathways involving LET-502/Rho kinase and MEL-11/MYPT myosin phosphatase in one pathway and FEM-2/PP2c phosphatase and PAK-1/p21 activated kinase in another. While the LET-502/MEL-11 pathway appears to act primarily in the lateral epidermis, here we show that FEM-2 can mediate early elongation when expressed in the dorsal and ventral epidermis. We also investigated the early elongation function of FHOD-1, a member of the formin family of actin nucleators and bundlers. Previous work showed that FHOD-1, a member of the formin family of actin nucleators and bundlers, acts in the LET-502/MEL-11 branch of the early elongation pathway and as well as in muscle for sarcomere organization. Consistent with this, we found that lateral epidermal cell-specific expression of FHOD-1 is sufficient for elongation, and FHOD-1 effects on elongation appear to be independent of its role in muscle. Also, we found that fhod-1 encodes long and short isoforms that differ in the presence of a predicted coiled-coil domain. Based on tissue-specific expression constructions and an isoform-specific CRISPR allele, the two FHOD-1 isoforms show partially specialized epidermal or muscle function. Although fhod-1 shows only impenetrant elongation phenotypes, we were unable to detect redundancy with other C. elegans formin genes.
https://ift.tt/2HK6hyL
Telmisartan attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells
Abstract
The present study investigated the protective actions of telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARBs), against the cell apoptosis induced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in differentiated PC12 cells. Preincubation of PC12 cells with telmisartan prevented H2O2-induced cytotoxicity as indicated by increased MTT (3,(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) reduction, decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and improved morphological changes. Hoechst 33,258 staining showed that telmisartan markedly reduced shrunken nuclei of the cells, and Western blot analysis indicated that telmisartan significantly attenuated caspase-3 activity, as indicated by decreased ratio of cleaved Caspase-3 to its precursor and increased ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. The present findings showed that telmisartan protected against cellular oxidative damages by inhibiting apoptotic response.
https://ift.tt/2wafz1s
Increasing Body Mass Index Predicts Rapid Decline in Renal Function: A 5 Year Retrospective Study
Horm Metab Res
DOI: 10.1055/a-0599-6360
While obesity is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear whether change in body mass index (ΔBMI ) is independently associated with decline in renal function (evaluated by the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate, ΔeGFR) over time. Accordingly, to help clarify this we conducted a retrospective study to measure the association of ΔBMI with decline in renal function in Chinese adult population. A total of 4007 adults (aged 45.3±13.7 years, 68.6% male) without chronic kidney disease at baseline were enrolled between 2008 and 2013. Logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationships between baseline BMI and ΔBMI, and rapid decline in renal function (defined as the lowest quartile of ΔeGFR ). During 5 years of follow-up, the ΔBMI and ΔeGFR were 0.47±1.6 (kg/m2) and –3.0±8.8 (ml/min/1.73 m2), respectively. After adjusted for potential confounders, ΔBMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) was independently associated with the rapid decline in renal function [with a fully adjusted OR of 1.12 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.20). By contrast, the baseline BMI was not associated with rapid decline in renal function [OR=1.05 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.13)]. The results were robust among 2948 hypertension-free and diabetes-free participants, the adjusted ORs of ΔBMI and baseline BMI were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.23) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.04) for rapid decline in renal function, respectively. The study revealed that increasing ΔBMI predicts rapid decline in renal function.
[...]
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
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Low-Dose and Standard Overnight and Low Dose-Two Day Dexamethasone Suppression Tests in Patients with Mild and/or Episodic Hypercortisolism
Horm Metab Res
DOI: 10.1055/a-0603-3868
We previously reported on the lack of utility of the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone (DEX) test in mild and/or periodic Cushing's syndrome, as most patients with the condition suppressed to 1 mg DEX. It is possible that a lower dose of DEX as part of an overnight DEX test might be able to distinguish between mild and/or periodic Cushing's syndrome and those without the condition. The objective of the current study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a 0.25 mg overnight DEX suppression test, the standard 1 mg overnight DEX suppression test, and the two-day low-dose (Liddle test) DEX suppression test with and without correction for DEX levels in patients evaluated for mild and/or periodic Cushing's syndrome. Thirty patients determined to have Cushing's syndrome by biochemical testing and 14 patients determined not to have the condition had the 0.25 mg and standard 1 mg overnight DEX suppression test and the two-day low-dose DEX suppression tests. Our results show that morning serum cortisol and cortisol/DEX ratios following an overnight dexamethasone suppression test were similar in patients with Cushing's syndrome and those not having Cushing's syndrome. However, a morning cortisol value above 7.6 μg/dl following a dose of DEX of 0.25 mg was found in 12 patients with Cushing's syndrome and none in those not having Cushing's syndrome, suggesting that a high cortisol value after this low dose of dexamethasone can indicate that further testing for Cushing's syndrome is warranted. Our data suggest that the traditional 1 mg overnight or the 2 mg/2 day DEX suppression testing should no longer be used as a screening test in patients who could have mild and/or periodic Cushing's syndrome, while the 0.25 mg dose of DEX may pick up some patients with mild Cushing's syndrome.
[...]
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
https://ift.tt/2KwERda
Induction of Neoantigen-specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Construction of T-cell Receptor-engineered T cells for Ovarian Cancer
Purpose: Current evolution of cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, has implicated neoantigens as major targets of anti-cancer cytotoxic T cells. Adoptive T cell therapy with neoantigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells would be an attractive therapeutic option for advanced cancers where the host anti-tumor immune function is strongly inhibited. We previously developed a rapid and efficient pipeline for production of neoantigen-specific TCR-engineered T cells using peripheral blood from an HLA-matched healthy donor. Our protocol required only two weeks from stimulation of T cells with neoantigen-loaded dendritic cells to the identification of neoantigen-specific TCRs. We conducted the pilot study to validate our protocol. Experimental Design: We used tumors from 7 ovarian cancer patients to validate our protocol. Results: We chose 14 candidate neoantigens from 7 ovarian tumors (1-3 candidates for each patient), and then successfully induced 3 neoantigen-specific T cells from one healthy donor and identified their TCR sequences. Moreover, we validated functional activity of the three identified TCRs by generating TCR-engineered T cells which recognized the corresponding neoantigens and showed cytotoxic activity in an antigen-dose-dependent manner. However, one case of neoantigen-specific TCR-engineered T cells showed cross-reactivity against the corresponding wild-type peptide. Conclusion/Discussions: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of our efficient process from identification of neoantigen to production of the neoantigen-targeting cytotoxic TCR-engineered T cells for ovarian cancer and revealed the importance of careful validation of neoantigen-specific-TCR-engineered T cells to avoid severe immune-related adverse events.
https://ift.tt/2HMRLG8
(OA11) Timing of Radiotherapy for Pediatric Patients With Parameningeal Rhabdomyosarcoma With Intracranial Extension
This study was designed to assess clinical outcomes and patterns of failure, particularly as regards the timing of radiotherapy (RT), for pediatric patients with parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma with intracranial extension (ICE-PM-RMS). Patients with ICE-PM-RMS have high rates of local and central nervous system (CNS) relapse, and historically have been treated with RT at week 0 of chemotherapy to improve disease-related outcomes. The recently-completed Children's Oncology Group (COG) ARST0531 trial delayed RT for these patients to week 4, and the ongoing COG protocol ARST1431 is further deferring RT until week 13 of chemotherapy.
https://ift.tt/2KxMdxa
(OA12) Pulsed Reduced Dose Rate Re-Irradiation (PRDR) Using Modulated ARC (MARC) IMRT for Recurrent Gliomas: Initial Clinical Outcomes of a Novel Technique
Limited salvage options exist for patients with recurrent malignant brain tumors after standard treatment. Pulsed reduced dose rate re-irradiation (PRDR) is a biologically-unique strategy that lowers the effective dose rate, potentially decreasing toxicity by allowing for greater sublethal damage repair in normal tissue. It has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with recurrent gliomas using a 3DRT technique. We developed a novel technique using PRDR with modulated arc (mARC) IMRT delivery to further reduce the amount of normal tissue exposed.
https://ift.tt/2rgsA3W
(OA09) Neoadjuvant Versus Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis
Both neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy are widely used for resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Prospective studies with mature data to compare these regimens are limited. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcome of patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent either neoadjuvant or adjuvant radiation therapy in a large population-based database over 10 years.
https://ift.tt/2HMSqr6
(P28) Challenges in the Re-Irradiation of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancers: Outcomes and Toxicity from a Single Institution
Managing locoregional recurrence after radiation therapy (RT) remains a challenge in head and neck (HN) cancer. Many of these recurrences present at advanced stages and are unable to be completely resected. Re-irradiation (re-RT) is a potentially curative treatment for previously irradiated, unresectable, head and neck cancers. Re-irradiation carries increased risk of severe and potentially life threatening radiation related toxicities. We reviewed our institutional experience using intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to re-irradiate patients with advanced HN recurrences to identify predictors of outcomes and toxicity.
https://ift.tt/2rjn0O7
(OA13) Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Concurrent Targeted Therapy: Improving the Response Rate for Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis
The use of HER2-directed monoclonal antibodies has changed the landscape of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite the increase in overall survival with the use of agents such as trastuzumab, the drug's poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier leaves the brain particularly vulnerable to disease relapse. In contrast, lapatinib, a dual HER2/EGFR small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has demonstrated greater penetration through the blood brain barrier, but evidence of its clinical use in patients with CNS metastases is limited.
https://ift.tt/2HK5JZp
(P60) Targeting Radiation Therapy to Soft Tissue Lesions Prior to the Start of Immunotherapy Improves Survival in Extracranial Metastatic Melanoma
Preclinical studies have reported that radiation therapy (RT) enhances antitumor immune response and can act synergistically when administered with immunotherapy. We aim to explore the clinical effect of combining RT and immunotherapy in extracranial metastatic melanoma. We also report the impact of timing of RT relative to the start of immunotherapy and its impact on clinical outcomes.
https://ift.tt/2rjo3gS
(OA14) Application of Tumor Treating Fields for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme: Understanding of Nationwide Practice Patterns and Trends
Tumor treating fields (TTF) are a low-intensity, intermediate-frequency, non-invasive and regional anti-mitotic treatment that harnesses magnetic fields to induce apoptosis in targeted regions. A Food and Drug Administration-approved TTF system demonstrated a significant increase in survival of newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in 2014. One year later, in a landmark randomized phase III trial of newly diagnosed GBM patients, TTF + temozolomide demonstrated superiority to temozolomide alone.
https://ift.tt/2HOAAV2
(P44) Visual Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Disease to the Eye
30,000 to 100,000 cancer patients develop ocular metastasis each year, yet clinical data remains limited. Historically, the most common primary tumors resulting in ocular metastasis are breast and lung, with radiotherapy as the most predominant palliative treatment. The purpose of this study was to report clinical features of ocular metastasis and the results of using external beam radiotherapy as treatment.
https://ift.tt/2riLcQR
(OA15) Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Melanoma Brain Metastases Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Immunotherapy
Several clinical trials of anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 therapies have demonstrated a clinical benefit in patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) and a low incidence of neurologic adverse events. The combined effect of these immunotherapies and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on toxicity and survival in patients with MBMs is not well understood. We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4 therapy or the combination and SRS to report on these outcomes.
https://ift.tt/2HK5wW7
(P20) Decreased PSA Nadir as a Result of Dose-Escalated Stereotactic Body Radiation for Patients With Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer (CaP) is characterized by a low a/b ratio relative to surrounding normal tissue, and consequently a therapeutic gain could be achieved with dose escalation. While potentially ablative PSA nadirs have been demonstrated following LDR brachytherapy, the ability to achieve ablation following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes, PSA kinetics, and toxicities in patients with low and intermediate-risk CaP treated on a prospective, Phase I/II, IRB approved dose-escalated SBRT trial.
https://ift.tt/2riL83z
(OA16) Repeat Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Using a Pulsed Reduced Dose Rate Technique
Limited salvage options exist for patients with multiple recurrent brain metastases previously treated with whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). Pulsed reduced dose rate radiation therapy (PRDR) is a biologically-unique irradiation strategy that lowers the effective dose rate, potentially decreasing toxicity to normal tissue by allowing for sublethal damage repair. PRDR has been shown to be safe and effective in patients with gliomas receiving partial brain re-irradiation. To our knowledge, this technique has not been reported before in patients with brain metastases who have received repeat WBRT with PRDR.
https://ift.tt/2Kys5Lu
(P36) Stereotactic MRI-Guided Adaptive Radiotherapy for Adrenal Metastases
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for adrenal metastases can result in high local control rates and long-term survival. However, proximity of normal organs at risk (OARs) limits the dose that can be delivered. We studied the inter-fractional organ motion during MR-guided SABR for adrenal metastases, and evaluated the dosimetric advantages of daily online plan adaptation.
https://ift.tt/2riL3gh
(OA17) Radiofrequency Ablation and Radiation Therapy Improve Local Control in Spinal Metastases Compared to Radiofrequency Ablation Alone
Many retrospective studies have found good efficacy from minimally invasive image-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with respect to pain reduction and tumor recurrence in the palliation of spinal metastases. However, there are limited data with regards to the combination of this modality with radiation therapy (RT). The goal of this retrospective review was to analyze outcomes of patients with spinal metastases treated with RFA with or without RT. We hypothesized that better outcomes could be achieved with combined modality treatment versus single treatment alone.
https://ift.tt/2Kv3k2A
(P52) Rural-Urban Continuum as a Potential Geographic Correlate of Breast and Prostate Cancer Mortality in Nevada
Data suggest that incidence and mortality associated with breast and prostate cancer have shown favorable trends through time, wherein data for the US show decreasing trends in these measures, except for breast cancer incidence, which has plateaued since 2003. Examination of Nevada data, however, suggests that mortality for both cancers is slightly higher than the US average. Further, mortality rates for metro vs non-metro areas suggest potential geographic disparities in mortality. The objective of this investigation was to examine purported differences in metro, urban, and rural counties in Nevada as potential geographic correlates of cancer mortality.
https://ift.tt/2riKYsZ
(OA18) Outcomes of a Dose-Escalated Stereotactic Body Radiation Phase I/II Trial for Patients With Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer
To report the clinical outcomes, quality of life impact, and acute and delayed toxicities in patients with low and intermediate-risk prostate cancer (CaP) treated on a prospective, IRB approved dose-escalated stereotactic body radiation trial.
https://ift.tt/2HLv4lO
(OA07) Outcomes of Patients in the National Cancer Database Treated Non-Surgically For Localized Rectal Cancer
Some patients undergo a non-operative approach to localized rectal adenocarcinoma due to medical comorbidities that render them poor surgical candidates, and some patients decline surgical intervention. Published studies reporting excellent outcomes (5-year overall survival (OS) of 70-100%) with a "wait-and-see" approach have largely been small, single-institutional, and/or highly selected. In this study, we aimed to analyze the survival outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with localized rectal adenocarcinoma in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) undergoing chemoradiation without surgical intervention.
https://ift.tt/2rfLBn9
(OA19) Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy as Monotherapy for High-Risk Prostate Cancer: 15-Year Outcomes Data
Currently available randomized data suggest favorable outcomes for high-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) patients treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy in conjunction with hormonal therapy (HT). However, in certain clinical scenarios patients may not be suitable for EBRT, in which case radiation oncologist is tasked with a challenging decision with regards to disease management. In this study we aimed to examine long-term biochemical control and survival with low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) alone for HRPC.
https://ift.tt/2KwEteT
The Power of Language: Gender, Status, and Agency in Performance Evaluations
Abstract
In the workplace, women often encounter gender stereotypes and biases that reinforce the existing gender hierarchy, may hinder women's career aspirations and retention, and may limit their ability to be promoted—especially in traditionally male organizations. Long-standing and widely held (although often unconscious) beliefs about gender can reinforce women's perceived lower status position relative to men's. Because men are described/prescribed as agentic (often masculine) and women as communal (often feminine), women leaders are often evaluated as being status-incongruent. We explore the gendered assignment of leader attributes with particular attention to associations of agentic competence (deficiency for women) and agentic dominance (penalty for women). We examined peer evaluations of 4344 U.S. Naval Academy students who are assigned attributes from a predefined list. Although men and women received similar numbers of descriptive (positive) attributes, women received more proscriptive (negative) attributes than did men and these individual attributes were predominantly feminine. These findings offer evidence that women leaders' status incongruity may be associated with perceived competence (agentic deficiency). A contribution of our analysis is theory testing using data from a real-life performance evaluation system. Additionally, our research contributes to our knowledge of gendered language and status characteristics in performance evaluations and can assist researchers and practitioners with developing interventions. Understanding the association of gender status beliefs with evaluation processes may facilitate changing workplace culture to be more gender-inclusive through less biased and stereotypical performance evaluations.
https://ift.tt/2jmWOhU
Women's Representation in CVD Drug Trials Varies
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Women are well-represented in some cardiovascular disease clinical trials, but representation of women is low for trials in certain conditions, according to a study published in the May 8 issue of the Journal of the...
https://ift.tt/2jqmQAW
Health Care for Undocumented Immigrants Is Complex
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- In a perspective piece published in the May 2 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, health care for undocumented immigrants is addressed in the context of an anti-immigration federal policy environment. A. Taylor...
https://ift.tt/2FCpJYg
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, April 27-30
The 66th Annual Clinical Meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists The annual meeting of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was held from April 27 to 30 in Austin, Texas, and attracted more than 3,000...
https://ift.tt/2KwgvR1
Pediatric Pharmacists Face Unique Challenges
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Board-certified pediatric pharmacists can have a significant impact on pediatric patients with their unique pharmacy needs, according to a report published in Drug Topics. Noting that neonates, infants, children, and...
https://ift.tt/2FBMU4Z
Insulin-like signaling within and beyond metazoans
Authors: Vitali, Valerio / Horn, Florian / Catania, Francesco
https://ift.tt/2jpJk5f
Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines: to separate the wheat from the chaff
Authors: Drexler, Hans G. / Pommerenke, Claudia / Eberth, Sonja / Nagel, Stefan
https://ift.tt/2JEVrr1
Neuronal RNP granules: from physiological to pathological assemblies
Authors: Graeve, Fabienne De / Bessé, Florence
https://ift.tt/2Kvu1Ec
Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 overexpression in melanoma cells modulates cell adhesion leading to a malignant phenotype
Authors: Haddada, Meriem / Draoui, Hend / Deschamps, Lydia / Walker, Francine / Delaunay, Tiphaine / Brattsand, Maria / Magdolen, Viktor / Darmoul, Dalila
https://ift.tt/2EpDtox
Intracellular communication between lipid droplets and peroxisomes: the Janus face of PEX19
Authors: Schrul, Bianca / Schliebs, Wolfgang
https://ift.tt/2H2PS76
Current Consensus on I-131 MIBG Therapy
Abstract
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and specifically targets neuroendocrine cells including some neuroendocrine tumors. Iodine-131 (I-131)-labeled MIBG (I-131 MIBG) therapy for neuroendocrine tumors has been performed for more than a quarter-century. The indications of I-131 MIBG therapy include treatment-resistant neuroblastoma (NB), unresectable or metastatic pheochromocytoma (PC) and paraganglioma (PG), unresectable or metastatic carcinoid tumors, and unresectable or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). I-131 MIBG therapy is one of the considerable effective treatments in patients with advanced NB, PC, and PG. On the other hand, I-131 MIBG therapy is an alternative method after more effective novel therapies are used such as radiolabeled somatostatin analogs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced carcinoid tumors and MTC. No-carrier-aided (NCA) I-131 MIBG has more favorable potential compared to the conventional I-131 MIBG. Astatine-211-labeled meta-astatobenzylguanidine (At-211 MABG) has massive potential in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Further studies about the therapeutic protocols of I-131 MIBG including NCA I-131 MIBG in the clinical setting and At-211 MABG in both the preclinical and clinical settings are needed.
https://ift.tt/2JO2UTY
Implementing Motor Unit Number Index (MUNIX) in a large clinical trial: real world experience from 27 centres
abductor digiti minimi muscle
https://ift.tt/2HO5Orc
EUS-Guided Hepaticoenterostomy as a portal to allow definitive antegrade treatment of benign biliary diseases in patients with surgically altered anatomy
EUS-guided hepaticoenterostomy (EUS-HE) is usually reserved for palliation of malignant biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or inaccessible biliary tree in surgically altered anatomy (SAA). We describe outcome of EUS-HE and antegrade therapy for benign biliary disease in patients with SAA.
https://ift.tt/2JPi8Ir
Gabapentin to Prevent Acute Phantom-Limb Pain in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Amputation
We read with great interest the article of Wang et al. in a recent issue of the journal.1 The authors performed a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial on pediatric patients undergoing amputation to treat bone malignancy an concluded that gabapentin prevented postsurgical neuropathic pain and reduced postoperative pain intensity after amputation. The authors should be congratulated for performing a well-designed study in an important topic (e.g. persistent postsurgical pain) in patients undergoing surgery.
https://ift.tt/2JNG5iW
Feeling Heard & Understood in the Hospital Environment: Benchmarking Communication Quality Among Patients with Advanced Cancer Before and After Palliative Care Consultation
Maximizing value in palliative care requires continued development and standardization of communication quality indicators.
https://ift.tt/2Ibzd1V
Secondary traumatization and proneness to dissociation among palliative care workers: A cross sectional study
Exposure to dying patients can contribute to secondary traumatic stress among palliative care workers. Peritraumatic dissociation, an individual's personal proneness to dissociation during exposure to a stressful event, is the strongest predictor of post-traumatic stress, but existing research on its relationship to secondary traumatic stress is limited.
https://ift.tt/2JNG4eS
A Randomized Trial of Acceptability and Effects of Values-Based Advance Care Planning in Outpatient Oncology: Person-Centered Oncologic Care and Choices (P-COCC)
No standard advance care planning (ACP) process exists in oncology. We previously developed and validated the values questions for Person-Centered Oncologic Care and Choices (P-COCC), a novel ACP intervention combining a patient values interview with an informational care goals video.
https://ift.tt/2rfFgZp
Validation of the IPOS-Renal Symptom Survey in advanced kidney disease: a cross-sectional study
The significant symptom burden in advanced renal disease is often poorly recognized by clinicians. Recently, the Integrated Palliative Outcome Score (IPOS) – Renal survey was developed from pre-existing tools to capture these symptoms and other common concerns.
https://ift.tt/2JIJ6RN
Non–Vitamin K–Dependent Oral Anticoagulants for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With CKD: Pragmatic Considerations for the Clinician
Management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a complex conundrum because of higher risks for both thromboembolic and bleeding complications compared to the general population. This makes it particularly important for clinicians to carefully weigh the risks versus benefits of anticoagulation therapy to determine the individualized net clinical benefit for every patient. During the past few years, 4 non–vitamin K–dependent oral anticoagulant (NOAC) agents have supplemented warfarin in the therapeutic armamentarium for the prevention of systemic thromboembolism in nonvalvular AF.
https://ift.tt/2JIIv2v
Obesity, Metabolic Abnormality, and Progression of CKD
Recent studies have yielded conflicting findings on the association between obesity and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Few studies have evaluated whether metabolic abnormalities may accelerate the rate of progression of CKD.
https://ift.tt/2IbwMwm
Cognitive Impairment in Non–Dialysis-Dependent CKD and the Transition to Dialysis: Findings From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Advanced chronic kidney disease is associated with elevated risk for cognitive impairment. However, it is not known whether and how cognitive impairment is associated with planning and preparation for end-stage renal disease.
https://ift.tt/2JKGKSu
CKD, Genetic Variation, and the Epigenome: Decrypting the Code
Mechanisms responsible for common chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) remain poorly understood. Despite optimal management, outcomes of patients with CKD remain suboptimal. Genetic determinants associated with disease phenotypes can point to causal pathways, and genetic variants have been robustly and reproducibly identified in large CKD cohorts.1,2 However, like many complex human diseases, the biology driven by the genetic architecture associated with CKD has yet to be discovered. Nongenetic variation, including epigenetic factors, can silence or enhance gene expression patterns initiated by transcription of DNA and that influence health or disease pathogenesis.
https://ift.tt/2I8DgMf
Virtual bronchoscopy-guided treatment planning to map and mitigate radiation-induced airway injury in lung SAbR
Radiation injury to airways during lung stereotactic ablative radiotherapy can lead to reduced respiratory function post-radiotherapy. In this work, we use virtual bronchoscopy to map the airway tree and develop a risk-based model of the radiosensitivity of individual airway segments. Using this model, we develop a treatment planning strategy that mitigates the risk of airway collapse while meeting the prescribed clinical dosimetric goals for the tumor target and organs at risk.
https://ift.tt/2rgfowP
Bevacizumab Monotherapy Reduces Radiation-induced Brain Necrosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A randomized Controlled Trial
Previously, corticosteroid was considered as the conventional treatment for radiation-induced brain necrosis. By conducting this randomized Controlled Trial, we found that bevacizumab monotherapy, at the two-month point, offers improved symptomatic relief and radiographic response than corticosteroids.
https://ift.tt/2rmnqUb
Concurrent-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for Stage III-IVB Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma – exploration for achieving optimal 10-year therapeutic ratio
Long-term outcome from 2 randomized trials confirmed that the addition of concurrent-adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the overall survival and disease control in advanced locoregional nasopharyngeal carcinoma without incurring significant increase in late toxicities or non-cancer deaths. The best therapeutic ratio could be achieved by 2 cycles of concurrent cisplatin plus 2-3 cycles of adjuvant cisplatin and fluorouracil.
https://ift.tt/2jncTUV
Total Body Irradiation: Guidelines From The International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG)
Total body irradiation remains an effective myeloablative treatment in regimens used for preparation and conditioning before allogeneic stem cell transplantation for leukemia. The regimens used vary across institutions in terms of dose, dose rate, fractionation, and technique. The objective of this document is to provide comprehensive guidelines for the current practice of delivering total body irradiation.
https://ift.tt/2rccxUG
An unusual cause of thunderclap headache after eating the hottest pepper in the world - "The Carolina Reaper"
Satish Kumar Boddhula<br />Apr 9, 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-224085-bcr-2017-224085<br />Images in...
https://ift.tt/2HO7rcA
Out-of-Hospital Medication-Facilitated Airway Management: Important Lessons and Limitations
SEE RELATED ARTICLE, P. ■■■.
https://ift.tt/2rgcbwh
A Two-Center Validation of “Patient Does Not Follow Commands” and Three Other Simplified Measures to Replace the Glasgow Coma Scale for Field Trauma Triage
Out-of-hospital personnel worldwide calculate the 13-point Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score as a routine part of field trauma triage. We wish to independently validate a simpler binary assessment to replace the GCS for this task.
https://ift.tt/2KrD49f
A Multicenter Program to Implement the Canadian C-Spine Rule by Emergency Department Triage Nurses
The Canadian C-Spine Rule has been widely applied by emergency physicians to safely reduce use of cervical spine imaging. Our objective is to evaluate the clinical effect and safety of real-time Canadian C-Spine Rule implementation by emergency department (ED) triage nurses to remove cervical spine immobilization.
https://ift.tt/2rh3GRM
Feeling Blocked? Another Pain Management Tool in the Emergency Department
Why does pain management matter?
https://ift.tt/2HMdMFr
Development of an International Odor Identification Test for Children: The Universal Sniff Test
To assess olfactory function in children and to create and validate an odor identification test to diagnose olfactory dysfunction in children, which we called the Universal Sniff (U-Sniff) test.
https://ift.tt/2KuLIUJ
Reversible Hyperpigmentation and Paraparesis: A Simple Remedy!
We evaluated a 6-year-old, previously healthy boy with darkening of hands and feet for the past 4 months and gait abnormality for the past 2 weeks. He walked with stiff legs, leading to falls, and had difficulty in climbing stairs. There was no history of alteration in sensorium, seizures, cognitive deterioration, vision impairment, diplopia, bladder problems, difficulty in getting up from a sitting posture, muscle atrophy or hypertrophy, or foot drop. He consumed a vegetarian diet. There was no family history of similar problems.
https://ift.tt/2rh1qtM
Bilateral Painful Erythematous Nodules on the Sole
An otherwise healthy 8-year-old boy presented with erythematous and tender nodules on the soles of the feet, leading to difficulty walking (Figure, A). There was no palmar involvement. He had a past medical history of diarrhea without fever during the preceding week. Moreover, he reported repetitive thermal and mechanical trauma playing football and cycling the days before nodules were noted. Blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were normal. Serologic tests were performed to exclude Toxoplasma gondii, Francisella tularensis, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus infections.
https://ift.tt/2rgEjiJ
Real‐Time Imaging of Brain Tumor for Image‐Guided Surgery
Advanced Healthcare Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBj28R
Mannose and Mannose‐6‐Phosphate Receptor–Targeted Drug Delivery Systems and Their Application in Cancer Therapy
Advanced Healthcare Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2KyJl3c
An Intelligent Neural Stem Cell Delivery System for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment
Advanced Healthcare Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBCL8j
Controlling Magnetic and Optical Properties of the van der Waals Crystal CrCl3−xBrx via Mixed Halide Chemistry
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2JP4chn
Contents: (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2I8M2K9
Antibacterial Therapy: Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Assisted In Vivo Bacterial Metabolic Labeling and Precise Antibacterial Therapy (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2JNyQaK
Field‐Effect Transistors: Contact‐Engineered Electrical Properties of MoS2 Field‐Effect Transistors via Selectively Deposited Thiol‐Molecules (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2I8UQzS
3D Printing: High‐Speed 3D Printing of Millimeter‐Size Customized Aspheric Imaging Lenses with Sub 7 nm Surface Roughness (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2JP401D
Wearable Electronics: Self‐Powered Wearable Electronics Based on Moisture Enabled Electricity Generation (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2rgqUs1
Masthead: (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2JN42qU
Organic Light‐Emitting Devices: Air‐Stable and High‐Performance Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Based on Hydrophobic Polymeric Ionic Liquid Carrier‐Injection Layers (Adv. Mater. 18/2018)
Advanced Materials, Volume 30, Issue 18, May 3, 2018.
https://ift.tt/2I8vYIn
Study Shows Experimental Screening Test Can Detect Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers
Scientists have struggled to come up with a simple test to detect endometrial and ovarian cancers early, when they are most likely to respond to treatment. Can a liquid biopsy test called PapSEEK change that?
https://ift.tt/2JJuotR
Generalized independent low-rank matrix analysis using heavy-tailed distributions for blind source separation
In this paper, statistical-model generalizations of independent low-rank matrix analysis (ILRMA) are proposed for achieving high-quality blind source separation (BSS). BSS is a crucial problem in realizing man...
https://ift.tt/2KuupTy
Power allocation for SWIPT in K-user interference channels using game theory
A simultaneous wireless information and power transfer system in interference channels of multi-users is considered. In this system, each transmitter sends one data stream to its targeted receiver, which cause...
https://ift.tt/2FC159W
Formation of Ester Bound 2‐ and 3‐MCPD and Esterified Glycidol in Deep‐Fried and Pickled Herring Products
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Kw8mMc
Compaction of Single-Molecule Megabase-Long Chromatin under the Influence of Macromolecular Crowding
The megabase-sized length of chromatin is highly relevant to the state of chromatin in vivo, where it is subject to a highly crowded environment and is organized in topologically associating domains of similar dimension. We developed an in vitro experimental chromatin model system reconstituted from T4 DNA (approximately 166 kbp) and histone octamers and studied the monomolecular compaction of this megabase-sized chromatin fiber under the influence of macromolecular crowding. We used single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and observed compaction in aqueous solutions containing poly(ethylene glycol) in the presence of monovalent (Na+ and K+) and divalent (Mg2+) cations.
https://ift.tt/2rmh9I7
A novel pathology of a mediastinal neoplasm
Abstract
Primary extragonadal malignant germ cell tumors (EMGCTs) are rare and account for only 2–5% of malignant germ cell tumors. Vascular tumors are uncommon mediastinal masses making up < 1% of all mediastinal masses. We report the case of a 20-year-old man presenting with a germ cell seminoma as well as an atypical hemangioma encapsulated in one mass within the mediastinum. This clinical report focuses on a 20-year-old man who presented with both a germ cell seminoma as well as an atypical hemangioma within one encapsulated mass, a unique case not presented before in literature to our knowledge. The histological analysis is essential in correctly diagnosing a neoplasm. Combining the unique histology of this case with the clinical and scientific knowledge of several specialties allowed the clinicians to successfully develop a treatment for this patient.
https://ift.tt/2rfqvpt
Prodigiosin stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress and induces autophagic cell death in glioblastoma cells
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite isolated from marine Vibrio sp., has antimicrobial and anticancer properties. This study investigated the cell death mechanism of prodigiosin in glioblastoma. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system. Despite treatment, or standard therapy, the median survival of glioblastoma patients is about 14.6 month. The results of the present study clearly showed that prodigiosin significantly reduced the cell viability and neurosphere formation ability of U87MG and GBM8401 human glioblastoma cell lines. Moreover, prodigiosin with fluorescence signals was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and found to induce excessive levels of autophagy. These findings were confirmed by observation of LC3 puncta formation and acridine orange staining. Furthermore, prodigiosin caused cell death by activating the JNK pathway and decreasing the AKT/mTOR pathway in glioblastoma cells. Moreover, we found that the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine reversed prodigiosin induced autophagic cell death. These findings of this study suggest that prodigiosin induces autophagic cell death and apoptosis in glioblastoma cells.
https://ift.tt/2FCOKCy
Visit Telrepco at booth #9 at the 2018 Zoll Summit
Telrepco will be at the booth #9 at the 2018 Zoll Summit at the Sheraton Denver, Downtown Hotel in Denver, CO from May 8-May10. We will be displaying new and refurbished Panasonic Toughbooks and related accessories including vehicle mounting solutions, ruggedized mobile broadband routers and gateways, ruggedized printing solutions, and more. We will also be raffling off a $100 American Express Gift ...
https://ift.tt/2rgPwA6
Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
Here a protocol to mimic the entrance of bacterial-derived compounds after intestinal barrier breach is presented. A low sublethal dose of lipopolysaccharide was injected systemically into mice, which were monitored for 24 h post-injection. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was determined at several time points in spleen, liver, and colon.
https://ift.tt/2rfUTiV
Evaluation of anthocyanins in Aronia melanocarpa/BSA binding by spectroscopic studies
The interaction between Anthocyanins in Aronia melanocarpa (AMA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied in this paper by multispectral technology, such as fluorescence quenching titration, circular dichroism...
https://ift.tt/2FC5PfT
Enhanced hypocrellin production via coexpression of alpha-amylase and hemoglobin genes in Shiraia bambusicola
Shiraia bambusicola is an important and valuable macrofungus and hypocrellins are its main secondary metabolites which have been widely applied in many medical fields. However, during SSF process of this filament...
https://ift.tt/2Krp5QZ
Editorial Board
Experimental Physiology, Volume 103, Issue 5, Page 777-779, 1 May 2018.
https://ift.tt/2FBMwTO
Whole Mount Immunofluorescence and Follicle Quantification of Cultured Mouse Ovaries
https://ift.tt/2HMG5iV
Exploring the Root Microbiome: Extracting Bacterial Community Data from the Soil, Rhizosphere, and Root Endosphere
https://ift.tt/2rga1xD
Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
Here we present an experimental method to test the role of multicopy plasmids in the evolution of antibiotic resistance.
https://ift.tt/2HPuboe
Expression of cytosolic malic enzyme (ME1) is associated with disease progression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rbJyBh
Tumor necrosis factor‐α induces prostate cancer cell migration in lymphatic metastasis through CCR7 upregulation
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HNZkbM
Endoscopy screening effect on stage distributions of esophageal cancer: A cluster randomized cohort study in China
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2jn57KM
MicroRNA‐708‐3p mediates metastasis and chemoresistance through inhibition of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HPLAx1
Early disease progression in patients with localized natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2joYFmB
Synthetic α‐mangostin dilaurate strongly suppresses wide‐spectrum organ metastasis in a mouse model of mammary cancer
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HObX6O
Induction of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 by Epstein–Barr virus infection enhances tumor angiogenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2joYMyx
Long non‐coding RNA‐CTD‐2108O9.1 represses breast cancer metastasis by influencing leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rgGzH3
Molecular genomic landscapes of hepatobiliary cancer
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rfaSOP
The PLGF/c‐MYC/miR‐19a axis promotes metastasis and stemness in gallbladder cancer
Cancer Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rhBluo
Hepatitis E virus infection in Turkey: a systematic review
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a non-enveloped single stranded RNA virus causes sporadic cases of hepatitis or outbreaks. The disease is generally self-limited although it may cause fulminant hepatitis in pregnant w...
https://ift.tt/2reYyxx
Feedback requested for EMS Agenda 2050
The first draft of the EMS Agenda 2050 was released for public comment after a technical expert panel spent over a year soliciting input to create it
https://ift.tt/2FBAKZI
Amputees at High Altitude: the Potentially Sticky Issue of Thrombophilia
High Altitude Medicine &Biology, Ahead of Print.
https://ift.tt/2FB5YA0
In Retinoblastoma Survivors, Oculo-Visual Issues Tied to QoL
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Oculo-visual problems among adult retinoblastoma survivors are associated with patient-reported vision-targeted health-related quality of life (HRQoL), according to a study published online April 26 in JAMA...
https://ift.tt/2FAoYir
Nodal Response to Pre-Op Tx Tied to Survival in Esophageal Cancer
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- For patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, the status of lymph nodes following preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation therapy determines survival, according to a study presented at the annual...
https://ift.tt/2FCeM8N
Opioids Often Over-Prescribed After Hiatal Hernia Surgery
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Patients use fewer opioids than are prescribed after hiatal hernia repair (HHR), according to a study presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, held from April 28 to May 1 in San...
https://ift.tt/2jmZo7G
MDMA-Assisted Psychotherapy Reduces PTSD Symptoms
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- For veterans and first responders with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), receipt of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy is effective and well tolerated for reducing symptoms, according to a...
https://ift.tt/2jptNT3
Vectorborne Diseases Up More Than Two-Fold From 2004 to 2016
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Vectorborne diseases represent an increasing problem in the United States, with a more than two-fold increase in the number of annual reports from 2004 to 2016, according to research published in the May 1 early-release...
https://ift.tt/2FzJ8sB
In Heart Failure, Initial ICU Care by Cardiologist Differs by Race
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Among heart failure patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), African-Americans are less likely than Caucasians to receive primary care by a cardiologist, according to a study published in the May 1 issue of JACC:...
https://ift.tt/2jm1l4l
Palliative Care Consult Can Cut Hospital Costs in Seriously Ill
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- For hospitalized adults with serious illness, receiving a palliative care consultation (PCC) is associated with a reduction in hospital costs, according to a review published online April 30 in JAMA Internal Medicine. Peter...
https://ift.tt/2FAoTLF
Epilepsy Does Not Appear to Affect Likelihood of Pregnancy
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Women with epilepsy and no history of infertility have a similar likelihood of achieving pregnancy as peers without epilepsy, according to a study published online April 30 in JAMA Neurology. Page B. Pennell, M.D., from...
https://ift.tt/2KrhBNH
DRESS Prototype Promising for Persons With Dementia
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- For persons with dementia, a prototype intelligent system, the DRESS prototype, can provide automated dressing support by identifying incorrect dressing scenarios, according to a study published in the April-June issue of...
https://ift.tt/2FD0zbM
Living Near Livestock Farms May Help Protect Against Atopy
WEDNESDAY, May 2, 2018 -- Living in close proximity to livestock farms may protect against atopy, according to a study published online April 30 in Occupational & Environmental Medicine. Floor Borlée, from Utrecht University in the Netherlands,...
https://ift.tt/2KrhAt7
MMP-7 expression may influence the rate of distant recurrences and disease-specific survival in HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) expression is related to human papilloma virus (HPV) status, clinical parameters, and outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Tumor tissue specimens from 201 OPSCC patients treated with curative intent were available for immunohistochemistry, and the samples were stained with monoclonal MMP-7 antibody. All the patients were followed up at least 3 years or until death. MMP-7 expression did not differ between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients. MMP-7 was not prognostic among patients with HPV-negative OPSCC. In the HPV-positive subgroup, patients with moderate, high, or very high MMP-7 expression had significantly worse 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) (56.6%) than patients with absent, or low MMP-7 expression (77.2%), and MMP-7 expression appeared as a prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. In addition, among HPV-positive OPSCC with moderate, high, or very high MMP-7 expression, the 5-year distant recurrence-free survival was significantly lower (69.6%) than in those who had low or absent MMP-7 expression (97.5%). Our results suggest that among HPV-positive OPSCC patients, high MMP-7 expression is related to worse 5-year DSS and increased rate of distant recurrences.
https://ift.tt/2HKi5Ry
c-MYC amplification and c-myc protein expression in pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas. New insights into the molecular signature of these rare cancers
Abstract
The molecular alterations of pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs) and mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are not completely understood, and the possible role of c-MYC amplification in tumor development, progression, and prognosis is not known. We have investigated c-MYC gene amplification in a series of 35 ACCs and 4 MANECs to evaluate its frequency and a possible prognostic role. Gene amplification was investigated using interphasic fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis simultaneously hybridizing c-MYC and the centromere of chromosome 8 probes. Protein expression was immunohistochemically investigated using a specific monoclonal anti-c-myc antibody. Twenty cases had clones with different polysomies of chromosome 8 in absence of c-MYC amplification, and 5 cases had one amplified clone and other clones with chromosome 8 polysomy, while the remaining 14 cases were diploid for chromosome 8 and lacked c-MYC amplification. All MANECs showed c-MYC amplification and/or polysomy which were observed in 54% pure ACCs. Six cases (15.3%) showed nuclear immunoreactivity for c-myc, but only 4/39 cases showed simultaneous c-MYC amplification/polysomy and nuclear protein expression. c-myc immunoreactivity as well as c-MYC amplification and/or chromosome 8 polysomy was not statistically associated with prognosis. Our study demonstrates that a subset of ACCs shows c-MYC alterations including gene amplification and chromosome 8 polysomy. Although they are not associated with a different prognostic signature, the fact that these alterations are present in all MANECs suggests a role in the acinar-neuroendocrine differentiation possibly involved in the pathogenesis of MANECs.
https://ift.tt/2waYZP6
Clinical trial cytology: Use of on‐site evaluation of small biopsy and FNA samples for clinical trials and biomarker research studies
Cancer Cytopathology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rineoy
ABCB1 gene polymorphism in nephrotic syndrome
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is the most prevalent glomerular disease in childhood. This study illustrates distribution of the most common three multidrug resistance gene 1 MDR1 (ABCB1) exonic polymorphisms G3435C, G2677 T/A, and C1236T in children with NS to assess their ability to be used as markers for response of NS to steroids. This study aimed to find association between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes and NS and if they can affect their response to steroids. ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in our cases were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Our cases were divided into three groups: one group included 50 steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) patients, another group included 100 steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients, and the third group for 100 age and sex-matched children (control group). ABCB1 C3435T TT, CT + TT genotypes, T allele; ABCB1 G2677A/T GT + GA, TT + AA, GT + GA + TT + AA genotypes, T + A allele frequencies were significantly higher in patients with NS compared to control group. Also, SRNS group showed significantly more frequencies of ABCB1 G2677A/T GT + GA, TT + AA, GT + GA + TT + AA genotypes, T + A allele than SSNS group. TTT + TAT, TTC + TAC haplotype of ABCB1 was also higher in NS patients compared to healthy control subjects. We found that the associations of ABCB1 G2677T/A and C3435T polymorphisms were observed in patients with NS. The ABCB1 G2677 T/A polymorphism was significantly increased in SRNS when compared to SSNS.
https://ift.tt/2HM5lcQ
Causal null hypotheses of sustained treatment strategies: What can be tested with an instrumental variable?
Abstract
Sometimes instrumental variable methods are used to test whether a causal effect is null rather than to estimate the magnitude of a causal effect. However, when instrumental variable methods are applied to time-varying exposures, as in many Mendelian randomization studies, it is unclear what causal null hypothesis is tested. Here, we consider different versions of causal null hypotheses for time-varying exposures, show that the instrumental variable conditions alone are insufficient to test some of them, and describe additional assumptions that can be made to test a wider range of causal null hypotheses, including both sharp and average causal null hypotheses. Implications for interpretation and reporting of instrumental variable results are discussed.
https://ift.tt/2HJfS8H
Sorafenib Dose Recommendation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Exposure‐FLT3 Relationship
Clinical and Translational Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HKrAjB
How Often Do Safety Signals Occur by Chance in First‐in‐Human Trials?
Clinical and Translational Science, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2w5jjkJ
A Microfluidic Platform for Longitudinal Imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans
In this article, we demonstrate live imaging of individual worms employing a custom microfluidic device. In the device, multiple worms are individually confined to separate chambers, allowing multiplexed longitudinal surveillance of various biological processes.
https://ift.tt/2I791Wg
The t(14;18) translocation is absent from endothelial and follicular dendritic cells of follicular lymphoma (FL) and shows heterogeneous presence in preserved FL mantle zones
The translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) is the genetic hallmark of follicular lymphoma (FL) and can be observed in 85–90% of cases. Whether the translocation is restricted to cells with germinal center B-cell phen...
https://ift.tt/2Ktr3jI
Retraction Note: The microRNA-325 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting high mobility group box 1
The editor has retracted this article [1] because it shows significant overlap with the following articles (amongst others) [2, 3]. None of the authors responded to correspondence regarding this retraction.
https://ift.tt/2rfAbzH
GABAergic Local Interneurons Shape Female Fruit Fly Response to Mating Songs
Many animals use acoustic signals to attract a potential mating partner. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the courtship pulse song has a species-specific interpulse interval (IPI) that activates mating. Although a series of auditory neurons in the fly brain exhibit different tuning patterns to IPIs, it is unclear how the response of each neuron is tuned. Here, we studied the neural circuitry regulating the activity of antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 neurons, key secondary auditory neurons in the excitatory neural pathway that relay song information. By performing Ca2+ imaging in female flies, we found that the IPI selectivity observed in AMMC-B1 neurons differs from that of upstream auditory sensory neurons [Johnston's organ (JO)-B]. Selective knock-down of a GABAA receptor subunit in AMMC-B1 neurons increased their response to short IPIs, suggesting that GABA suppresses AMMC-B1 activity at these IPIs. Connection mapping identified two GABAergic local interneurons that synapse with AMMC-B1 and JO-B. Ca2+ imaging combined with neuronal silencing revealed that these local interneurons, AMMC-LN and AMMC-B2, shape the response pattern of AMMC-B1 neurons at a 15 ms IPI. Neuronal silencing studies further suggested that both GABAergic local interneurons suppress the behavioral response to artificial pulse songs in flies, particularly those with a 15 ms IPI. Altogether, we identified a circuit containing two GABAergic local interneurons that affects the temporal tuning of AMMC-B1 neurons in the song relay pathway and the behavioral response to the courtship song. Our findings suggest that feedforward inhibitory pathways adjust the behavioral response to courtship pulse songs in female flies.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To understand how the brain detects time intervals between sound elements, we studied the neural pathway that relays species-specific courtship song information in female Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that the signal transmission from auditory sensory neurons to key secondary auditory neurons antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC)-B1 is the first-step to generate time interval selectivity of neurons in the song relay pathway. Two GABAergic local interneurons are suggested to shape the interval selectivity of AMMC-B1 neurons by receiving auditory inputs and in turn providing feedforward inhibition onto AMMC-B1 neurons. Furthermore, these GABAergic local interneurons suppress the song response behavior in an interval-dependent manner. Our results provide new insights into the neural circuit basis to adjust neuronal and behavioral responses to a species-specific communication sound.
https://ift.tt/2rgefFs
The Magnitude, But Not the Sign, of MT Single-Trial Spike-Time Correlations Predicts Motion Detection Performance
Spike-time correlations capture the short timescale covariance between the activity of neurons on a single trial. These correlations can significantly vary in magnitude and sign from trial to trial, and have been proposed to contribute to information encoding in visual cortex. While monkeys performed a motion-pulse detection task, we examined the behavioral impact of both the magnitude and sign of single-trial spike-time correlations between two nonoverlapping pools of middle temporal (MT) neurons. We applied three single-trial measures of spike-time correlation between our multiunit MT spike trains (Pearson's, absolute value of Pearson's, and mutual information), and examined the degree to which they predicted a subject's performance on a trial-by-trial basis. We found that on each trial, positive and negative spike-time correlations were almost equally likely, and, once the correlational sign was accounted for, all three measures were similarly predictive of behavior. Importantly, just before the behaviorally relevant motion pulse occurred, single-trial spike-time correlations were as predictive of the performance of the animal as single-trial firing rates. While firing rates were positively associated with behavioral outcomes, the presence of either strong positive or negative correlations had a detrimental effect on behavior. These correlations occurred on short timescales, and the strongest positive and negative correlations modulated behavioral performance by ~9%, compared with trials with no correlations. We suggest a model where spike-time correlations are associated with a common noise source for the two MT pools, which in turn decreases the signal-to-noise ratio of the integrated signals that drive motion detection.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous work has shown that spike-time correlations occurring on short timescales can affect the encoding of visual inputs. Although spike-time correlations significantly vary in both magnitude and sign across trials, their impact on trial-by-trial behavior is not fully understood. Using neural recordings from area MT (middle temporal) in monkeys performing a motion-detection task using a brief stimulus, we found that both positive and negative spike-time correlations predicted behavioral responses as well as firing rate on a trial-by-trial basis. We propose that strong positive and negative spike-time correlations decreased behavioral performance by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of integrated MT neural signals.
https://ift.tt/2JOQ0VN
Anorectal metastasis from breast carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Gastrointestinal metastasis from primary breast carcinoma is uncommon, anorectal involvement is extremely rare.
https://ift.tt/2HNpwTV
The reporting of a Bacillus anthracis B-clade strain in South Africa after more than 20 years
Anthrax is a disease with an age old history in Africa caused by the Gram-positive endospore forming soil bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Epizootics of wild ungulates occur annually in the enzootic region of Pafuri...
https://ift.tt/2HGiwfs
Chiluria in a lymphatic filariasis endemic area
To establish clinical and laboratory data of individuals presenting chyluria in endemic areas.
https://ift.tt/2w86Dtl
Quality of observational studies in prestigious journals of occupational medicine and health based on Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: a cross-sectional study
The present study applied the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement to observational studies published in prestigious occupational medicine and health journals.
https://ift.tt/2IaR2OG
Analysis of rural health centres preparedness for the management of diabetic patients in Malawi
There is limited data on the quality of primary care management for diabetes mellitus across Africa. The study was aimed at assessing the availability of basic supplies for the rapid diagnosis, treatment and m...
https://ift.tt/2w9iSWG
Routinely used immunoassays do not detect circulating anti‐GBM antibodies against native NC1 hexamer and EA epitope of the α3 chain of type IV collagen
European Journal of Immunology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rhZTEv
The bone marrow is patrolled by NK cells that are primed and expand in response to systemic viral activation
European Journal of Immunology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2JOtZGt
Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Channels: Emerging Diversity in Transport Processes
BioEssays, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBnxA0
Heritable L1 Retrotransposition Events During Development: Understanding Their Origins
BioEssays, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBntjK
iPSCs from an Endangered Mammalian Species Could Elucidate the Mechanism of Sex Determination with Evolutionary Y Chromosome Loss
https://ift.tt/2jlQh78
Normalizing Gas‐Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data: Method Choice can Alter Biological Inference
BioEssays, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBnqo4
Long‐term Phase 1/2 intraspinal stem cell transplantation outcomes in ALS
Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2jmOU8k
Collection and Extraction of Occupational Air Samples for Analysis of Fungal DNA
https://ift.tt/2FB0LIs
Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
https://ift.tt/2joFObj
Matrix Metalloproteinase-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Epilepsy
The blood-brain barrier is dysfunctional in epilepsy, thereby contributing to seizure genesis and resistance to antiseizure drugs. Previously, several groups reported that seizures increase brain glutamate levels, which leads to barrier dysfunction. One critical component of barrier dysfunction is brain capillary leakage. Based on our preliminary data, we hypothesized that glutamate released during seizures mediates an increase in matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity levels, thereby contributing to barrier leakage. To test this hypothesis, we exposed isolated brain capillaries from male Sprague Dawley rats to glutamate ex vivo and used an in vivo/ex vivo approach of isolated brain capillaries from female Wistar rats that experienced status epilepticus as an acute seizure model. We found that exposing isolated rat brain capillaries to glutamate increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein and activity levels, and decreased tight junction protein levels, which resulted in barrier leakage. We confirmed these findings in vivo in rats after status epilepticus and in brain capillaries from male mice lacking cytosolic phospholipase A2. Together, our data support the hypothesis that glutamate released during seizures signals an increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression and activity levels, resulting in blood-brain barrier leakage.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mechanism leading to seizure-mediated blood-brain barrier dysfunction in epilepsy is poorly understood. In the present study, we focused on defining this mechanism in the brain capillary endothelium. We demonstrate that seizures trigger a pathway that involves glutamate signaling through cytosolic phospholipase A2, which increases MMP levels and decreases tight junction protein expression levels, resulting in barrier leakage. These findings may provide potential therapeutic avenues within the blood-brain barrier to limit barrier dysfunction in epilepsy and decrease seizure burden.
https://ift.tt/2JJ1BFS
Control of Excitation/Inhibition Balance in a Hippocampal Circuit by Calcium Sensor Protein Regulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels
Activity-dependent regulation controls the balance of synaptic excitation to inhibition in neural circuits, and disruption of this regulation impairs learning and memory and causes many neurological disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying short-term synaptic plasticity are incompletely understood, and their role in inhibitory synapses remains uncertain. Here we show that regulation of voltage-gated calcium (Ca2+) channel type 2.1 (CaV2.1) by neuronal Ca2+ sensor (CaS) proteins controls synaptic plasticity and excitation/inhibition balance in a hippocampal circuit. Prevention of CaS protein regulation by introducing the IM-AA mutation in CaV2.1 channels in male and female mice impairs short-term synaptic facilitation at excitatory synapses of CA3 pyramidal neurons onto parvalbumin (PV)-expressing basket cells. In sharp contrast, the IM-AA mutation abolishes rapid synaptic depression in the inhibitory synapses of PV basket cells onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. These results show that CaS protein regulation of facilitation and inactivation of CaV2.1 channels controls the direction of short-term plasticity at these two synapses. Deletion of the CaS protein CaBP1/caldendrin also blocks rapid depression at PV-CA1 synapses, implicating its upregulation of inactivation of CaV2.1 channels in control of short-term synaptic plasticity at this inhibitory synapse. Studies of local-circuit function revealed reduced inhibition of CA1 pyramidal neurons by the disynaptic pathway from CA3 pyramidal cells via PV basket cells and greatly increased excitation/inhibition ratio of the direct excitatory input versus indirect inhibitory input from CA3 pyramidal neurons to CA1 pyramidal neurons. This striking defect in local-circuit function may contribute to the dramatic impairment of spatial learning and memory in IM-AA mice.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many forms of short-term synaptic plasticity in neuronal circuits rely on regulation of presynaptic voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. Regulation of CaV2.1 channels by neuronal calcium sensor (CaS) proteins controls short-term synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate a direct link between regulation of CaV2.1 channels and short-term synaptic plasticity in native hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory synapses. We also identify CaBP1/caldendrin as the calcium sensor interacting with CaV2.1 channels to mediate rapid synaptic depression in the inhibitory hippocampal synapses of parvalbumin-expressing basket cells to CA1 pyramidal cells. Disruption of this regulation causes altered short-term plasticity and impaired balance of hippocampal excitatory to inhibitory circuits.
https://ift.tt/2I9cZxr
Tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis in a renal transplant patient: a case report and literature review
The purpose of this case report is to increase the awareness of tigecycline-induced pancreatitis specifically in renal transplant patients predisposed to the condition.
https://ift.tt/2Kr3kAN
Management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other child care settings: systematic review on the incubation period and period of infectiousness
Information on the incubation period and period of infectiousness or shedding of infectious pathogens is critical for management and control of communicable diseases in schools and other childcare settings.
https://ift.tt/2FBk2tr
Onchocerca - infected cattle produce strong antibody responses to excretory-secretory proteins released from adult male Onchocerca ochengi worms
The front line molecules from filarial worms and other nematodes or helminthes are their Excretory-Secretory (ES) products. Their interaction with the host cells, proteins and immune system accounts for the sk...
https://ift.tt/2Kr3c4h
Addressing knowledge gaps and prevention for tuberculosis-infected Indian adults: a vital part of elimination
India plans to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2025, and has identified screening and prevention as key activities. Household contacts (HHCs) of index TB cases are a high-risk population that would benefit from...
https://ift.tt/2FEt49i
Sleep disturbances in Rett syndrome: Impact and management including use of sleep hygiene practices
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2wbVtEe
Consecutive negative findings on colonoscopy during surveillance predict a low risk of advanced neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with long-standing colitis: results of a 15-year multicentre, multinational cohort study
Objectives
Surveillance colonoscopy is thought to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with long-standing colonic IBD, but data regarding the frequency of surveillance and the findings thereof are lacking. Our aim was to determine whether consecutive negative surveillance colonoscopies adequately predict low neoplastic risk.
DesignA multicentre, multinational database of patients with long-standing IBD colitis without high-risk features and undergoing regular CRC surveillance was constructed. A 'negative' surveillance colonoscopy was predefined as a technically adequate procedure having no postinflammatory polyps, no strictures, no endoscopic disease activity and no evidence of neoplasia; a 'positive' colonoscopy was a technically adequate procedure that included at least one of these criteria. The primary endpoint was advanced colorectal neoplasia (aCRN), defined as high-grade dysplasia or CRC.
ResultsOf 775 patients with long-standing IBD colitis, 44% (n=340) had >1 negative colonoscopy. Patients with consecutive negative surveillance colonoscopies were compared with those who had at least one positive colonoscopy. Both groups had similar demographics, disease-related characteristics, number of surveillance colonoscopies and time intervals between colonoscopies. No aCRN occurred in those with consecutive negative surveillance, compared with an incidence rate of 0.29 to 0.76/100 patient-years (P=0.02) in those having >1 positive colonoscopy on follow-up of 6.1 (P25–P75: 4.6–8.2) years after the index procedure.
ConclusionWithin this large surveillance cohort of patients with colonic IBD and no additional high-risk features, having two consecutive negative colonoscopies predicted a very low risk of aCRN occurrence on follow-up. Our findings suggest that longer surveillance intervals in this selected population may be safe.
https://ift.tt/2HK2D7I
A simple AGED score for risk classification of primary liver cancer: development and validation with long-term prospective HBsAg-positive cohorts in Qidong, China
We read with great interest the recent publication by Kim et al1 showing that patients with untreated immune tolerant (IT) chronic hepatitis B with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had significantly higher risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death/transplantation than treated immune active (IA) patients who had elevated ALT levels. These results indicate that ALT is not a sensitive surrogate marker for liver cell damage, and the IT phase of HBV infection cannot be considered fully benign.2 Chu and Liaw3 have challenged this view because they speculated that the IT group in that study might include IA patients who were in remission state after experiencing unrecognised minimal ALT elevations. Apparently, the highly dynamic nature of ALT perturbation makes it inadequate to act as a predictor for HCC.
We have developed and validated an easy-to-use scoring system for primary liver cancer (PLC) risk prediction. The development data set...
https://ift.tt/2repf5a
Atypical presentations associated with non‐polyalanine repeat PHOX2B mutations
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2I7OQar
A missense mutation in EBF2 was segregated with imperforate anus in a family across three generations
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HJZBML
A sibling pair with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC) secondary to BRAF mutation with unaffected parents—the first cases of gonadal mosaicism in CFC?
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2I7bgc1
Familial autosomal dominant severe ankyloglossia with tooth abnormalities
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2wbVtUK
Recessive variants of MuSK are associated with late onset CMS and predominant limb girdle weakness
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HJ4I45
Loss of function IFT27 variants associated with an unclassified lethal fetal ciliopathy with renal agenesis
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Ic04Lq
Comparison of the chemical profiles and inflammatory mediator-inhibitory effects of three Siegesbeckia herbs used as Herba Siegesbeckiae (Xixiancao)
Herba Siegesbeckiae (HS, Xixiancao in Chinese) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herb for soothing joints. In ancient materia medica books, HS is recorded to be the aerial part of Siegesbeckia pube...
https://ift.tt/2jlTqUz
Brazilian propolis ethanol extract and its component kaempferol induce myeloid-derived suppressor cells from macrophages of mice in vivo and in vitro
Brazilian green propolis is produced by mixing secretions from Africanized honey bees with exudate, mainly from Baccharis dracunculifolia. Brazilian propolis is especially rich in flavonoids and cinammic acid der...
https://ift.tt/2w6ceQP
Does Jacobson’s relaxation technique reduce consumption of psychotropic and analgesic drugs in cancer patients? A multicenter pre–post intervention study
Cancer patients often suffer from emotional distress as a result of the oncological process. The purpose of our study was to determine whether practice of Jacobson's relaxation technique reduced consumption of...
https://ift.tt/2rfhqwV
Solamargine, a bioactive steroidal alkaloid isolated from Solanum aculeastrum induces non-selective cytotoxicity and P-glycoprotein inhibition
Solanum aculeastrum fruits are used by some cancer sufferers as a form of alternative treatment. Scientific literature is scarce concerning its anticancer activity, and thus the aim of the study was to assess the...
https://ift.tt/2HMWEv4
Glycyrrhiza glabra HPLC fractions: identification of Aldehydo Isoophiopogonone and Liquirtigenin having activity against multidrug resistant bacteria
Medicinal plants have been founded as traditional herbal medicine worldwide. Most of the plant's therapeutic properties are due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, tannins a...
https://ift.tt/2rgR0ec
Midazolam increases preload dependency during endotoxic shock in rabbits by affecting venous vascular tone
Septic patients often require sedation in intensive care unit, and midazolam is one of the most frequently used sedatives among them. But the interaction between midazolam and septic shock is not known. The ai...
https://ift.tt/2rhCn9X
Iron metabolism in critically ill patients developing anemia of inflammation: a case control study
Anemia occurring as a result of inflammatory processes (anemia of inflammation, AI) has a high prevalence in critically ill patients. Knowledge on changes in iron metabolism during the course of AI is limited,...
https://ift.tt/2KwD3RJ
Hypothermic total liquid ventilation after experimental aspiration-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome
Ultrafast cooling by total liquid ventilation (TLV) provides potent cardio- and neuroprotection after experimental cardiac arrest. However, this was evaluated in animals with no initial lung injury, whereas ou...
https://ift.tt/2rfustK
Combined neutrophil/platelet/lymphocyte/differentiation score predicts chemosensitivity in advanced gastric cancer
Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer is common in developing regions, and we hope to find out an economical but practical prognostic indicator. It was reported that pre-treatment peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), as well as differentiation status, were associated with cancer progression. Hence, we introduced a novel combined Neutrophil/platelet/lymphocyte/differentiation Score (cNPLDS) to improve the prediction value of palliative chemotherapeutic response in advanced gastric cancer.
Methods
According to statistical sample size estimation, 136 primary diagnosed unresectable advanced ptaients were included for a retrospective study. The follow-up end-point was progression free survival (PFS) during the first-line palliative chemotherapy. Differentiation stratified patients into well, medium and poor groups by score 1 to 3, while patients with neither elevated NLR and PLR, only one elevated, or both elevated were of the combined NLR-PLR score (cNPS) 1 to 3, respectively. The cNPLDS was calculated by multiplying the tumor differentiation score and cNPS.
Results
Determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cut-off points for NLR and PLR were 3.04 and 223. Through univariate analysis and survival analysis, poor differentiation, high NLR, high PLR, high cNPS, and high cNPLDS respectively indicated inferior PFS during the first-line palliative chemotherapy. Patients were furhter classified into low to high risk groups by cNPLDS. Groups of elevated NLR, PLR, cNPS, and cNPLDS showed lower disease control rate. Compared to other parameters, cNPLDS significantly improved the accuracy in predicing the first-progression.
Conclusions
This study indicates that the novel parameter cNPLDS is superior to NLR or PLR alone, or even cNPS, in predicting the first-line chemosensitivity in advanced gastric cancer.
https://ift.tt/2JMR0JW
Prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Hangzhou, China
To evaluate prevalence and patterns of drug resistance among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Hangzhou City, China.
https://ift.tt/2HIDElx
The social biography of antibiotic use in smallholder dairy farms in India
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the major threats to global health, food security and development today. While there has been considerable attention about the use and misuse of ant...
https://ift.tt/2w5VwB5
Enhancing pharmacists’ role in developing countries to overcome the challenge of antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge and developing countries are more vulnerable to the adverse health impacts of AMR. Health care workers including pharmacists can play a key role to s...
https://ift.tt/2I74T8K
Genome-based analysis of Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from German hospital patients, 2008-2014
By using whole genome sequence data we aimed at describing a population snapshot of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients in Germany between 2008 and 2014.
https://ift.tt/2I5bNLt
Contents: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 5∕2018
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Volume 120, Issue 5, May 2018.
https://ift.tt/2FCFhej
Editorial Board: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 5∕2018
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Volume 120, Issue 5, May 2018.
https://ift.tt/2Kw49YP
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 5∕2018
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Volume 120, Issue 5, May 2018.
https://ift.tt/2FCF8HN
Effect of Roasting Temperature and Time on the Chemical Composition and Oxidative Stability of Argan (Argania spinosa L.) Oils
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Ku9ZKB
Insects as Food: Fatty Acid Profiles, Lipid Classes, and sn‐2 Fatty Acid Distribution of Lepidoptera Larvae
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FA35jh
Stability of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Fortified with Enzymatic Hydrolysates from Porcine Plasma Protein
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2jnautp
Comparison of Various Phosphine Additives in Zeolite Based Catalytic Isomerization of Oleic Acid
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FBddbt
Altered cerebral glucose metabolism normalized in a patient with a pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder after streptococcal infection (PANDAS)-like condition following treatment with plasmapheresis: a case report
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder after streptococcal infection (PANDAS) is a specific autoimmune response to group-A streptococcal infections in children and adolescents with a sudden onset of ob...
https://ift.tt/2jr17Zz
Exposure–response relationship for ramucirumab from the randomized, double-blind, phase 3 REVEL trial (docetaxel versus docetaxel plus ramucirumab) in second-line treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
Abstract
Purpose
Ramucirumab plus docetaxel improved survival in REVEL, a randomized phase 3 trial for patients with Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer after standard platinum-based chemotherapy. This exploratory analysis evaluated the exposure–response relationship of ramucirumab from REVEL.
Methods
Patients received ramucirumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo plus docetaxel (75 mg/m2) every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic samples were collected. A population pharmacokinetic analysis predicted ramucirumab minimum concentration after first-dose administration (Cmin,1) and average concentration at steady state (Cave,ss). Predicted Cmin,1 and Cave,ss were used to evaluate the relationship between ramucirumab exposure and efficacy and safety, respectively. Exposure–efficacy was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses; exposure–safety was assessed by ordered categorical analyses.
Results
Analyses included 376 patients treated with ramucirumab plus docetaxel and 366 patients treated with placebo plus docetaxel (364 for safety population). After adjusting for corresponding prognostic factors, the association between overall survival (OS) and Cmin,1 was statistically significant (p = 0.0110), although progression-free survival (PFS) showed a marginal association (p = 0.0515). At high ramucirumab exposures (Cmin,1), greater improvements (smaller hazard ratios) were seen for OS and PFS when stratified by Cmin,1 exposure quartiles. A statistically significant correlation was observed between ramucirumab Cave,ss and grade ≥ 3 febrile neutropenia and hypertension.
Conclusions
An association was observed between ramucirumab exposure and efficacy. Higher ramucirumab exposure was associated with improved clinical outcomes and increased toxicity in this analysis. Two exposure–response prospective randomized trials are being conducted to address causation (NCT02443883 and NCT02514551), with encouraging preliminary results (Ajani et al. in Ann Oncol 28:abstr 698P, 2017).
https://ift.tt/2HKdpuX
The anti-axiom axiom
While EMS education and protocols are important, experience proves that every situation is different and nuanced
https://ift.tt/2rg1ART
PGE2/EP4 antagonism enhances tumor chemosensitivity by inducing extracellular vesicle‐mediated clearance of cancer stem cells
International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2jqfxJE
Impact of iASPP on chemoresistance through PLK1 and autophagy in ovarian clear cell carcinoma
International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2jmlFm0
Proton pump inhibitor use and cancer mortality
International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FA0Z2T
Prenatal diethylstilbestrol exposure and mammographic density
International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Ks6WSS
Cervical cancer risk in HPV‐positive women after a negative FAM19A4/mir124‐2 methylation test: A post hoc analysis in the POBASCAM trial with 14 year follow‐up
International Journal of Cancer, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2FAtTje
Line‐assisted complete closure for a large mucosal defect after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection decreased post‐electrocoagulation syndrome
Digestive Endoscopy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2w5YpSz
Genomic status of MET potentiates sensitivity to MET and MEK inhibition in NF1-related malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are highly resistant sarcomas that occur in up to 13% of individuals with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). Genomic analysis of longitudinally collected tumor samples in a case of MPNST disease progression revealed early hemizygous microdeletions in NF1 and TP53, with progressive amplifications of MET, HGF, and EGFR. To examine the role of MET in MPNST progression, we developed mice with enhanced MET expression and Nf1 ablation (Nf1fl/KO;lox-stop-loxMETtg/+;Plp-creERTtg/+; referred to as NF1 MET). NF1-MET mice express a robust MPNST phenotype in the absence of additional mutations. A comparison of NF1-MET MPNSTs with MPNSTs derived from Nf1KO/+;p53R172H;Plp-creERTtg/+ (NF1-P53) and Nf1KO/+;Plp-creERTtg/+ (NF1) mice revealed unique Met, Ras, and PI3K signaling patterns. NF1-MET MPNSTs were uniformly sensitive to the highly selective MET inhibitor, capmatinib, whereas a heterogeneous response to MET inhibition was observed in NF1-P53 and NF1 MPNSTs. Combination therapy of capmatinib and the MEK inhibitor trametinib resulted in reduced response variability, enhanced suppression of tumor growth, and suppressed RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling. These results highlight the influence of concurrent genomic alterations on RAS effector signaling and therapy response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Moreover, these findings expand our current understanding of the role of MET signaling in MPNST progression and identify a potential therapeutic niche for NF1-related MPNSTs.
https://ift.tt/2JKLmIa
Recent Advances in Polyanhydride Based Biomaterials
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rfq8e0
Localized instance fusion of MRI data of Alzheimer’s disease for classification based on instance transfer ensemble learning
Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is very important, and MRI is an effective imaging mode of Alzheimer's disease. There are many existing studies on the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease based on MRI data. ...
https://ift.tt/2rdEWum
Proprioceptive impairments in high fall risk older adults: the effect of mechanical calf vibration on postural balance
Impairments in proprioceptive mechanism with aging has been observed and associated with fall risk. The purpose of the current study was to assess proprioceptive deficits among high fall risk individuals in co...
https://ift.tt/2w1YxCs
Clinical validation and assessment of aortic hemodynamics using computational fluid dynamics simulations from computed tomography angiography
Hemodynamic information including peak systolic pressure (PSP) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) carry an important role in evaluation and diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). Since MDCTA cannot evaluat...
https://ift.tt/2rfPyJ4
Simulation as a preoperative planning approach in advanced heart failure patients. A retrospective clinical analysis
Modelling and simulation may become clinically applicable tools for detailed evaluation of the cardiovascular system and clinical decision-making to guide therapeutic intervention. Models based on pressure–vol...
https://ift.tt/2w8iI1T
The primary stability of different implants for intra-articular calcaneal fractures: an in vitro study
Calcaneal fractures account for around 2% of all fractures and most of them are intra-articular fractures. Many implants have been used in the fixation of calcaneal fractures, but their biomechanical stability...
https://ift.tt/2rf8HLg
Emergency Medical Products unveils new branding
DUBLIN, Ohio — Emergency Medical Products Inc. (EMP), part of the fast-growing Sarnova family of companies, today announced the business has just completed an extensive rebranding effort, including development of a new logo and visual style. The new EMP brand brings a more modern and bold visual identity to the company, which has served first responders for over 45 years. Providing quick and easy ...
https://ift.tt/2HK6tde
Fla. county waives ambulance fees for residents
A new policy went into effect May 1 in which Bay County will only collect the amount insurance pays, and nothing out of pocket
https://ift.tt/2w3adoQ
Concentrated Sunlight for Materials Synthesis and Diagnostics
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HK6t0P
Programmable Hydrogel Ionic Circuits for Biologically Matched Electronic Interfaces
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rgAr1l
Direct Electrical Neurostimulation with Organic Pigment Photocapacitors
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2KwwVJd
High‐Efficiency PbS Quantum‐Dot Solar Cells with Greatly Simplified Fabrication Processing via “Solvent‐Curing”
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2reCAL5
Aligning Ag Nanowires by a Facile Bioinspired Directional Liquid Transfer: Toward Anisotropic Flexible Conductive Electrodes
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2reLWX2
Atom‐by‐Atom Fabrication of Monolayer Molybdenum Membranes
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2KqWjQt
Self‐Assembled “Breathing” Grana‐Like Cisternae Stacks
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rhg9Vm
On‐Chip Spiral Waveguides for Ultrasensitive and Rapid Detection of Nanoscale Objects
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HIqBQT
Self‐Assembly of Transition Metal Oxide Nanostructures on MXene Nanosheets for Fast and Stable Lithium Storage
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Ks29km
Origin and Control of Orientation of Phosphorescent and TADF Dyes for High‐Efficiency OLEDs
Advanced Materials, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2I8yVIU
The epilepsy phenotypic spectrum associated with a recurrent CUX2 variant
Annals of Neurology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rdlY7i
Epidemiology of autoimmune versus infectious encephalitis
Annals of Neurology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2w61eD1
Newborn screening: A disease‐changing intervention for glutaric aciduria type 1
Annals of Neurology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2HNk4jU
Ischemic stroke in cancer patients: A review of an underappreciated pathology
Annals of Neurology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2rf7SC5
A Giant Gastroschisis Associated with Pulmonary Hypoplasia and Spinal Anomaly: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Gastroschisis most often occurs as an isolated anomaly and extragastrointestinal associations are rare. Most commonly, the anomalies associated with gastroschisis are cardiac and central nervous system abnormalities. Respiratory insufficiency has sometimes been reported in association with giant abdominal wall defects. Poor outcomes and prolonged ventilator support have been reported in giant gastroschisis and omphalocele, especially if associated with herniation of the majority of the liver. We report a case of a large gastroschisis that was associated with a kyphoscoliosis and pulmonary hypoplasia.
https://ift.tt/2HI13mX
Radiotherapy volume delineation using 18F-FDG-PET/CT modifies gross node volume in patients with oesophageal cancer
Abstract
Purpose
Evidence supporting the use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the segmentation process of oesophageal cancer for radiotherapy planning is limited. Our aim was to compare the volumes and tumour lengths defined by fused PET/CT vs. CT simulation.
Materials and methods
Twenty-nine patients were analyzed. All patients underwent a single PET/CT simulation scan. Two separate GTVs were defined: one based on CT data alone and another based on fused PET/CT data. Volume sizes for both data sets were compared and the spatial overlap was assessed by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).
Results
The gross tumour volume (GTVtumour) and maximum tumour diameter were greater by PET/CT, and length of primary tumour was greater by CT, but differences were not statistically significant. However, the gross node volume (GTVnode) was significantly greater by PET/CT. The DSC analysis showed excellent agreement for GTVtumour, 0.72, but was very low for GTVnode, 0.25.
Conclusions
Our study shows that the volume definition by PET/CT and CT data differs. CT simulation, without taking into account PET/CT information, might leave cancer-involved nodes out of the radiotherapy-delineated volumes.
https://ift.tt/2rekc51
A survey of perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and practices of medical oncologists about cancer pain management in Spain
Abstract
Purpose
To monitor oncologists' perspective on cancer pain management.
Methods
An anonymized survey was conducted in two waves. First, over a convenience sample of oncologists known to be particularly concerned with the management of pain. Second, using a random sample of oncologists.
Results
In total, 73 and 82 oncologists participated in the first and second wave, respectively. Many oncologists reported to have good knowledge of analgesic drugs (95.9%), the mechanism of action of opioids (79.5%), and good skills to manage opioid-related bowel dysfunction (76.7%). Appropriate adjustment of background medication to manage breakthrough pain was reported by 95.5% of oncologists. Additionally, 87.7% (68.3% in the second wave, p = 0.035) of oncologists reported suitable opioid titration practices, and 90.4% reported to use co-adjuvant medications for neuropathic pain confidently. On the other hand, just 9.6% of oncologists participated in multidisciplinary pain management teams, and merely 30.3 and 27.1% reported to routinely collaborate with the Pain Clinics or involve other staff, respectively. Only 26.4% of the oncologists of the second wave gave priority to pain pathophysiology to decide therapies, and up to 75.6% reported difficulties in treating neuropathic pain. Significantly less oncologists of the second wave (82.9 vs. 94.5%, p = 0.001) used opioid rotation routinely.
Conclusions
Unlike in previous surveys, medical oncologists reported in general good knowledge and few perceived limitations and barriers for pain management. However, multi-disciplinary management and collaboration with other specialists are still uncommon. Oncologists' commitment to optimize pain management seems important to improve and maintain good practices.
https://ift.tt/2KrMsJY
Performance of a quantitative fecal immunochemical test for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia: a prospective cohort study
Abstract
Background
The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is easier to use and more sensitive than the guaiac fecal occult blood test, but it is unclear how to optimize FIT performance. We compared the sensitivity and specificity for detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia between single-sample (1-FIT) and two-sample (2-FIT) FIT protocols at a range of hemoglobin concentration cutoffs for a positive test.
Methods
We recruited 2,761 average-risk men and women ages 49-75 referred for colonoscopy within a large nonprofit, group-model health maintenance organization (HMO), and asked them to complete two separate single-sample FITs. We generated receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves to compare sensitivity and specificity estimates for 1-FIT and 2-FIT protocols among those who completed both FIT kits and colonoscopy. We similarly compared sensitivity and specificity between hemoglobin concentration cutoffs for a single-sample FIT.
Results
Differences in sensitivity and specificity between the 1-FIT and 2-FIT protocols were not statistically significant at any of the pre-specified hemoglobin concentration cutoffs (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 μg/g). There was a significant difference in test performance of the one-sample FIT between 50 ng/ml (10 μg/g) and each of the higher pre-specified cutoffs. Disease prevalence was low.
Conclusions
A two-sample FIT is not superior to a one-sample FIT in detection of advanced adenomas; the one-sample FIT at a hemoglobin concentration cutoff of 50 ng/ml (10 μg/g) is significantly more sensitive for advanced adenomas than at higher cutoffs. These findings apply to a population of younger, average-risk patients in a U.S. integrated care system with high rates of prior screening.
https://ift.tt/2jp3Gvg
Telomere length differences between colorectal polyp subtypes: a colonoscopy-based case-control study
Abstract
Background
Short telomeres have been associated with increased risk of many cancers, particularly cancers of the gastrointestinal tract including esophagus and stomach. However, the association between telomere length (TL) and colorectal cancer and its precursors, colorectal polyps, is not clear.
Methods
We investigated the relationship between TL and risk of colorectal polyp subtypes in a colonoscopy-based study in western Washington. Participants were 35–79 year-old enrollees at an integrated health care system, who underwent a colonoscopy between 1998 and 2007 (n = 190), completed a self-administered questionnaire, provided blood samples, and were distinguished as having adenomas, serrated polyps, or as polyp-free controls through a standardized pathology review. Telomere length (T) relative to a single copy gene (S) was measured in circulating leukocytes from stored buffy coat samples using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression was used to compare case groups with polyp-free controls and other case groups; adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated.
Results
TL in the shortest tertile (T/S ratio < 0.58) was associated with increased risk of adenomas and serrated polyps [OR (95%CI) were 1.77(0.81–3.88) and 2.98(1.15–7.77), respectively). When evaluated by lesion severity within each pathway, short TL was more strongly associated with advanced adenomas and sessile serrated polyps [OR (95% CI) = 1.90(0.76–4.73) and 3.82(0.86–16.86), respectively], although the associations were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that short TL may be associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps in both the adenoma-carcinoma and serrated pathways. The risk was particularly notable for sessile serrated polyps, although the association was not statistically significant and sample size was limited.
https://ift.tt/2jp3xrI
CRBP-1 over-expression is associated with poor prognosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract
Background
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is one of the most common malignancies of oral squamous cell carcinomas. Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) as a carrier protein transports retinol from the liver storage site to peripheral tissue. Up-regulated expression of CRBP-1 is associated with some tumor types such as prostate cancer, breast cancer and ovarian cancer as reported, but its role in TSCC remains uncertain.
Methods
In this study, an integrated bioinformatics analysis based on the multiple cancer microarray data sets available from Oncomine database was conducted to view the differential expression of CRBP-1 between TSCC and the adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were performed to investigate CRBP-1 expression in 101 paraffin-embeded TSCC tissues and 48 pairs of freshly frozen tissues. Kaplan-Meier curve and univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analysis were used to estimate the association between CRBP-1 expression and patients' prognosis. Then western blotting, MTT, transwell migration and invasion assays were performed in TSCC cell lines to investigate the effects of CRBP-1 on cellular proliferation and invasion.
Results
Compared with the matched adjacent non-tumorous tissues, the expression of CRBP-1 was significantly up-regulated in TSCC tissues, which correlated with the differentiation state (P = 0.003), N classification (P = 0.048), the clinical stage (P = 0.048) and death (P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that TSCC patients with higher CRBP-1 expression levels had lower overall survival rates than those with lower CRBP-1 expression levels. A univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that CRBP-1 was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we knocked down CRBP-1 expression and observed that TSCC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro were significantly blocked, as determined by MTT and transwell assays.
Conclusions
Up-regulated expression of CRBP-1 is associated with poor prognosis in TSCC, so it might potentially serve as an additional prognostic marker, and the inhibition of CRBP-1 might provide new therapeutic approaches for TSCC.
https://ift.tt/2HLsckQ
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Αλέξανδρος Γ. Σφακιανάκης Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,0030693260717...
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Alimentary Pharmacology &Therapeutics, EarlyView. https://ift.tt/2qECBIJ
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heory of COVID-19 pathogenesis Publication date: November 2020Source: Medical Hypotheses, Volume 144Author(s): Yuichiro J. Suzuki ScienceD...
