α-Syn is purified and assembled in test tubes into fibrils that are used to investigate/mimic PD pathogenesis in model animals ranging from worms (c. elegans) to rodents and non-human primates in a large number of laboratories. These laboratories typically contain surfaces and non-disposable items made from plastic, glass, aluminum, or stainless steel. These items are often rough, with areas that cannot be completely cleaned by wiping. Therefore, it is important to minimize contamination through effective cleaning procedures.
"Several teams, including ours, demonstrated that fibrillar α-Syn propagate from one cell, including neurons, to another and amplify during this propagation process mimicking prion particle behavior. These observations suggest that fibrillar α-Syn is not innocuous," explained lead investigator Ronald Melki, PhD, Director of Research at the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Researchers applied a solution of fluorescently-labeled fibrils and ribbons of α-Syn to roughened surfaces mimicking laboratory conditions. The droplets were easily visible to the eye and could be assessed by their fluorescence.
Five cleaning solutions were tested: 1) sodium hypochlorite (20,000 ppm); 2) sodium hydroxide (1N), 3) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 1%, W/V); 4) Hellmanex (1%, V/V); and 5) TFD4 (1%, V/V). As a control, the surfaces were washed with just commercially prepared pure water. After cleaning, the amount of small assemblies, fibrils, and ribbons of α-Syn remaining on the surfaces was measured by fluorescence. To evaluate whether the α-Syn fibrils that were washed off the surfaces were destroyed, fibrils and ribbons were incubated in the various cleaning solutions for one hour and the amount of remaining fibrils was measured.
The researchers found that the commercial detergents Hellmanex, and SDS (1%, W/V) are the most suitable cleaning reagents for removal and neutralization of α -Syn seeds from contaminated surfaces. However, solutions of sodium hypochlorite (20,000 ppm) or sodium hydroxide (1N), previously shown to diminish prion infectivity, were ineffective. Plain water was similarly ineffective.
As the result of this investigation, the research teams have implemented "Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures for fibrillar α-Syn" to minimize possible contamination. This includes a cleaning procedure that removes and disassembles α-Syn fibrils adsorbed on plastic, glass, aluminum, or stainless steel surfaces as well as recommended disposal procedures for various forms of α-Syn waste. This cleaning method is sufficiently mild to allow efficient decontamination of non-disposable tools in a laboratory.
"We conclude that cleaning procedures relying on the use of detergents that are compatible with most non-disposable tools in a laboratory are simple to implement and highly recommended when working with fibrillar α-Syn in a laboratory setting," stated co-investigator Patrik Brundin, MD, PhD, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Parkinson's Disease and Director of the Center for Neurodegenerative Science at Van Andel Research Institute in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
"The procedures we describe remove and inactivate α-Syn fibrillar assemblies to a level where they are undetectable, which significantly improve researchers' safety when handling fibrillar α-Syn. Further work is needed to establish the infectious unit of recombinant α-Syn and the biological efficiency of the cleaning," added co-investigator Luc Bousset, PhD, at the Paris-Saclay Institute of Neurosciences, CNRS.
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NOTES FOR EDITORS
"An efficient procedure for removal and inactivation of alpha-synuclein assemblies from laboratory materials," by Luc Bousset, Patrik Brundin, Anja Bőckmann, Beat Meier and Ronald Melki; (DOI 10.3233/JPD-150691), published in advance of Journal of Parkinson's Disease, Volume 6, Issue 1 (March 2016), published by IOS Press. The article is openly available here.
For additional information contact Daphne Watrin, IOS Press, at +31 20 688 3355, d.watrin@iospress.nl. Journalists wishing to interview the authors should contact Luc Bousset at +33-16982-3479; luc.bousset@inaf.cnrs-gif.fr, or Ronald Melki at +33-16982-3503; melki@lebs.cnrs-gif.fr.
ABOUT THE JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE (JPD)
Launched in 2011 the Journal of Parkinson's Disease is dedicated to providing an open forum for original research in basic science, translational research and clinical medicine that will expedite our fundamental understanding and improve treatment of Parkinson's disease. The journal is international and multidisciplinary and aims to promote progress in the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, molecular correlates, pathogenesis, pharmacology, psychology, diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease. It publishes research reports, reviews, short communications, and letters-to-the-editor and offers very rapid publication and an affordable open access option.
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