Disruption of Function: Neurophysiological markers of cognitive deficits in retired football players

An estimated 1.6-3.8 million sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) occur every year in the United States alone (Langlois et al., 2006a; 2006b). An uncomplicated mild-traumatic brain injury (MTBI), more commonly referred to as concussion (Maroon et al., 2000; McCrory et al., 2009; Guskiewicz and Mihalik, 2011; Iverson et al., 2012; Zetterberg and Blennow, 2016), has been described as a serious public health concern (Ommaya and Gennarelli, 1974; Gronwall, 1977; McCrory et al., 2009). Concussion, a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by traumatic biomechanical forces" (McCrory et al., 2009), has been shown to negatively affect cognition, social functioning, emotional wellbeing, and neurologic function years after initial diagnosis (Collins et al., 1991; Dekosky et al., 2010; Kraus et al., 2016).

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