Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Rectal Cancer Patients Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiation and Total Mesorectal Excision: A Multicenter and Retrospective Propensity-Score Matching Study

In this multi-institutional and retrospective analysis, we evaluated 1,442 patients with rectal cancer who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and curative surgery. After propensity-score matching, 1,225 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy were matched with the 217 observed patients after curative surgery in a 1:4 ratio. After matching analysis, 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy after preoperative CRT followed by total mesorectal excision was not significantly associated with improved relapse-free survival for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

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