The role of EEG localized activation and central nervous system arousal in executive function performance in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Resting-state electroencephalogram (RS-EEG) provides a window to understand spontaneous brain activity in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) (Barry et al., 2003). Its measures (e.g. the theta to beta ratio) have been considered as candidate biomarkers to diagnose AD/HD (Thome et al., 2012; Faraone et al., 2014); however, the diagnostic reliability of RS-EEG measures is controversial (Arns et al., 2013; Faraone et al., 2014). Instead, it has also been proposed that RS-EEG measures have prognostic value in AD/HD (Arns et al., 2013; Arns and Gordon, 2014; Olbrich et al., 2015), based on evidence that RS-EEG profiles are heterogeneous (Clarke et al., 2001, 2011) and different RS-EEG profiles are associated with different responses to medication-based treatment (Clarke et al., 2002; Arns et al., 2008, 2013; Arns, 2012).

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