Evaluation of primary stability in modified implants: Analysis by resonance frequency and insertion torque

Abstract

Background

Changes in the macrogeometry of dental implants are known to influence primary stability and the osseointegration process.

Purpose

The purpose of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of geometric changes in the apex region of dental implants.

Methods

Thirty-five cylindrical dental implants (Titamax Ti; Neodent) were machined at the apical third to reproduce the experimental groups: without apical cut (Wc), apical bi-split cut, apical tri-split cut, apical quadri-split cut (Qs). One (control group) (Titamax Ti Ex) (n = 7) without any modifications was added. The implants had the same final dimensions (4.1 x 11 mm²). All implants were inserted into artificial bone blocks and were evaluated by insertion torque and resonance frequency by ISQ values (Osstell). Two-tailed analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and Tukey's post-test (P < .05).

Results

Control and Qs implants showed a significant increase of the insertion torque (P < .001). For the resonance frequency, Wc and (control) implants had the greatest ISQ values. However, there's no significant difference between (control) and Qs for the ISQ values (P < .001).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of the present study, the proposed geometries at the apical third of dental implants greatly influenced its insertion torque and primary stability in vitro.

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