Changes in the Electrocorticogram after Implantation of Intracranial Electrodes in Humans: The Implant Effect

Closed loop neuromodulation therapies for disorders of the brain and for brain computer interface devices rely on accurate electrophysiological measurements. These devices require that stimulation be delivered in response to detection of specific electrophysiological patterns and/or events. Whether using micro- or macro-electrode arrays, electrophysiological changes induced by the implantation procedure could alter electrophysiological patterns acutely. If this is the case, then initial detection and responsive stimulation settings could be selected that are not optimal for therapeutic efficacy over the longer term.

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