Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale

Acronym:

VADL

Purpose:

The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale was developed to assess self-perceived disablement in individuals with vestibular impairment. The scale evaluates the effects of vertigo and balance disorders on independence in everyday activities of daily living.   The tool is designed to be useful for evaluating functional limitation and perceived handicap and disability before and after therapeutic intervention.  The tool is also designed to assist individuals in becoming more realistic in the understanding of their own capabilities. The tool was designed to be more directed to specific basic and instrumental activities of daily living. 

Description:

The Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living Scale (VADL) is a 28 item self report questionnaire that is broken down into 3 subscales: functional, ambulatory, and instrumental.  The functional subscale evaluates the individual's perception of basic self-maintenance tasks; the ambulatory subscale evaluates perception of mobility related skills and the instrumental subscale looks at self-perception in higher-level more socially complex tasks. The questionnaire requires individuals to rate their self-perceived disablement level on a scale that ranges from 1 (independent) to 10 (too difficult, no longer performed). 

Area of Assessment: Activities of Daily Living, Functional Mobility, Gait, Life Participation, Self-Efficacy, Social Relationships, Social Support, Vestibular

Body Part: Not Applicable

ICF Domain: Body Function, Activity, Participation

Domain: ADL

Assessment Type: Patient Reported Outcomes

Length of Test: 06 to 30 Minutes

Time to Administer:

5-10 min

Number of Items: 28-item self report questionnaire

Equipment Required: The questionnaire

Training Required:

None

Type of training required: No Training

Cost: Free

Actual Cost:

Difficulty accessing the tool and scoresheet; must access through the original article.  

Age Range: Adult: 18-64 years, Elderly adult: 65+

Administration Mode: Paper/Pencil

Diagnosis: Vestibular Disorders

Populations Tested: Adults complaining of dizziness, vertigo and imbalance (peripheral vestibular disorders, BPPV)

Standard Error of Measurement (SEM):

Not Established

Minimal Detectable Change (MDC):

Not Established

Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID):

Not Established

Cut-Off Scores:

Not Established

Normative Data:

Not Established

Test-retest Reliability:

High test-retest reliability after 2 hours utilizing for the concordance correlation coefficient: Total score (rc = 1); functional subscale score (rc = 0.87); ambulation subscale score (rc = 0.95); and instrumental subscale score (rc = 0.97).

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:

Not Established

Internal Consistency:

High internal consistency for total score (ɑ = 0.97); functional subscale score (ɑ = 0.92); ambulation subscale (ɑ = 0.96); and instrumental subscale (ɑ = 0.91)

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent):

Not Established

Construct Validity (Convergent/Discriminant):

There is moderate correlation between the VADL Scale score and the DHI total score (Spearman p = 0.66, p < 0.001)

Significant difference found between controls and patients (p < 0.0001)

No difference between individuals with BPPV and chronic vestibulopathy

No correlation between VADL scores and vertigo intensity (10-point scale)

Weak correlation between VADL total scores and vertigo frequency (10-point scale): (Spearman's p p = 0.32, P = 0.04). Weak correlation between VADL instrumental scores to vertigo frequency: (Spearmans p p = 0.42, P = 0.004).

Weak statistically significant relationships found between SOT conditions 5 and 6 and VADL total scores and all subscores and between SOT composite score and total, functional and instrumental scores. 

Content Validity:

Not Established

Face Validity:

Good face validity as determined by a group of experts

Floor/Ceiling Effects:

Not Established

Responsiveness:

Not Established

Considerations:

Limited psychometric properties should be considered before use.

Bibliography:

Alghwiri, A. A., Marchetti, G. F., et al. (2011). "Content Comparison of Self-Report Measures Used in Vestibular Rehabilitation Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health." Physical Therapy 91(3): 346-357.

Aratani, M. C., Perracini, M. R., et al. (2010). "Disability rank in vestibular older adults." Geriatrics & gerontology international 11(1): 50-54.

Cohen, H. S. and Kimball, K. T. "Measurement Tools Analysis: Vestibular Disorders Activities of Daily Living (VADL)." 

Cohen, H. S. and Kimball, K. T. (2000). "Development of the vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale." Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 126(7): 881-887. Find it on PubMed

Cohen, H. S. and Kimball, K. T. (2002). "Improvements in path integration after vestibular rehabilitation." J Vestib Res 12(1): 47-51. Find it on PubMed

Cohen, H. S. and Kimball, K. T. (2003). "Increased independence and decreased vertigo after vestibular rehabilitation." Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 128(1): 60-70. Find it on PubMed

Cohen, H. S. and Kimball, K. T. (2004). "Decreased ataxia and improved balance after vestibular rehabilitation." Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 130(4): 418-425. Find it on PubMed

Cohen, H. S., Kimball, K. T., et al. (2000). "Application of the vestibular disorders activities of daily living scale." Laryngoscope 110(7): 1204-1209. Find it on PubMed

Cohen, H. S., Wells, J., et al. (2003). "Driving disability and dizziness." J Safety Res 34(4): 361-369. Find it on PubMed

Duracinsky, M., Mosnier, I., et al. (2007). "Literature review of questionnaires assessing vertigo and dizziness, and their impact on patients' quality of life." Value in health 10(4): 273-284.

Maskell, F., Chiarelli, P., et al. (2006). "Dizziness after traumatic brain injury: overview and measurement in the clinical setting." Brain Inj 20(3): 293-305. Find it on PubMed

Mira, E. (2008). "Improving the quality of life in patients with vestibular disorders: the role of medical treatments and physical rehabilitation." Int J Clin Pract 62(1): 109-114. Find it on PubMed

Year published: 2000

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