Supine to Stand Test

Acronym:

Purpose:

To assess a person's ability to transition from a supine postition to a standing position. 

Description:

Measures the amount of time it takes to rise to standing from the supine position from a mat, not from the floor. A standardized protocol for this exam has not been published.

Area of Assessment: Activities of Daily Living, Functional Mobility

Body Part: Not Applicable

ICF Domain: Activity

Domain: ADL, Motor

Assessment Type: Performance Measure

Length of Test: 05 Minutes or Less

Time to Administer:

Less than 5 minutes

Number of Items: 1

Equipment Required:

• Timer
• Raised mat

Training Required:

None

Type of training required: No Training

Cost: Free

Actual Cost:

$0

Age Range: Adult: 18-64 years, Elderly adult: 65+

Administration Mode: Paper/Pencil

Diagnosis: Geriatrics, Movement Disorders, Parkinson's Disease

Populations Tested:

• Geriatric persons living in a congregate housing facility
• Parkinson's Disease

Standard Error of Measurement (SEM):

Not Established

Minimal Detectable Change (MDC):

Not Established

Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID):

Not Established

Cut-Off Scores:

Not Established

Normative Data:

Congregate Housing Facility:

(Alexander et al, 2000; n = 116; mean age = 82.1 (6.6); residents requiring assistance with at least one (transfer, walking, bathing, toileting)

• Mean time (seconds) to complete supine to stand: 15.2(18.1) seconds
• 6 of 116 unable to complete (5%)

Parkinson's Disease:

(Schenkman et al, 2011; n = 186; no mean age/range given)

• Mean time (seconds) to complete supine to stand by H&Y Stage
  • H&Y1 - 1.5 = 3.35 (0.92); Range = 2.44 - 4.53
  • H&Y2 = 3.36 (2.02); Range = 1.85 - 17.62
  • H&Y2.5 = 4.68 (2.01); Rang e=1.81 - 11.53
  • H&Y3 = 6.42 (4.16); Range = 1.75 - 19.71

Parkinson's Disease:

(Schenkman et al, 1998; Exercise group: n = 23 subjects with PD; mean age = 70.6 (6.2); H&Y Stage 2: H&Y n = 7; H&Y Stage 2.5: n = 6; H&Y Stage 3: n = 10; Control group: n = 23 subjects with PD; mean age = 71.2(7.3); H&Y Stage 2: H&Y n = 3; H&Y Stage 2.5: n = 6; H&Y Stage 3: n = 14)

• Mean Supine to Stand time at baseline (sec) = 6.5 (3.7)
• Mean Supine to Stand time at baseline (sec)= 9.4 (7.6)

(Schenkman et al, 2000; n = 56 community dwelling adults with PD; mean age = 70.7(7.4); H&Y Stages 2 and 3; n = 195 community dwelling adults without PD; mean age = 71.4(5.0))

• Mean Supine to Stand time (sec) = 7.2 (3.7)
• Mean Supine to Stand time (sec) = 5.2 (2.0)

Test-retest Reliability:

Geriatric:

(Alexander et al, 2000)

• Excellent test retest reliability for time to complete supine to stand (ICC = 0.9)

Interrater/Intrarater Reliability:

Not Established

Internal Consistency:

Not Established

Criterion Validity (Predictive/Concurrent):

Not Established

Construct Validity (Convergent/Discriminant):

Not Established

Content Validity:

Not Established

Face Validity:

Not Established

Floor/Ceiling Effects:

Parkinson's Disease:

 

(Schenkman et al, 2011)

• Schenkman report the Supine to Stand Test only revealed limitation in H&Y Stage 3 (not responsive in H&Y Stages 1 - 2.5; not tested in H&Y 4 and 5) or with UPDRS motor scores > 45

Responsiveness:

Parkinson's Disease:

(Shenkman et al, 1998)

• Exercise group: Mean Supine to Stand time change score(sec): -0.6 (2.09)
• Control group: Mean Supine to Stand time change score (sec): -1.01 (2.74)
• There was no significant difference between the two groups suggesting that the supine to stand measure may not be responsive to the spinal flexibility intervention

(Shenkman et al, 2011)

• Shenkman reports the Supine to stand test only revealed limitations in H&Y Stage 3 (not responsive in H&Y Stages 1-2.5; not tested in H&Y 4 and 5) or with UPDRS motor scores > 45
  • Participants at H&Y Stage 3 were on average twice as slow as participants in earlier H&Y stages
  • Large variability of H&Y stage 3 scores suggests that not all persons in H&Y stage 3 will experience limitation on the supine to stand test

Considerations:

At this point there is limited testing of the psychometric properties of the supine to stand test. Reliability testing is limited to one study in a disabled geriatric population. There are no reliability and validity studies in persons with Parkinson's disease. However, normative data in PD has been published and responsiveness examined for H&Y Stages 1-3. This test may have ceiling effects in persons in the early stages of PD (H&Y 1-2.5), appears responsive in the mid-stages (H&Y 3) and has not been tested in the later stages (H&Y 4 and 5)

Bibliography:

Alexander, N. B., Galecki, A. T., et al. (2000). "Chair and bed rise performance in ADL-impaired congregate housing residents." J Am Geriatr Soc 48(5): 526-533. Find it on PubMed

Schenkman, M., Cutson, T. M., et al. (1998). "Exercise to improve spinal flexibility and function for people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized, controlled trial." J Am Geriatr Soc 46(10): 1207-1216. Find it on PubMed

Schenkman, M., Ellis, T., et al. (2011). "Profile of functional limitations and task performance among people with early- and middle-stage Parkinson disease." Phys Ther 91(9): 1339-1354. Find it on PubMed

Instrument in PDF Format: Yes

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