Visualization of Dynamic Sub-microsecond Changes in Membrane Potential

Direct observation of rapid membrane potential changes is critical to understand how complex neurological systems function. This knowledge is especially important when stimulation is achieved through an external stimulus meant to mimic a naturally-occurring process. To enable exploration of this dynamic space, we developed an all-optical method for observing rapid changes in membrane potential at temporal resolutions of 25 ns. By applying a single 600 ns electric pulse, we observe sub-microsecond, continuous membrane charging and discharging dynamics.

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