Evaluation of the bioactivity of fluoride-enriched mineral trioxide aggregate on osteoblasts

Abstract

Aim

To investigate if a combination of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and fluoride compounds affects bone cells.

Methodology

MTA discs (ProRoot^®, Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) with and without addition of 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% sodium fluoride were characterized for their surface roughness by laser scanning microscopy and for the adhesion of human alveolar osteoblasts by scanning electron microscopy. Using eluates from fluoride-enriched MTA discs, the cell proliferation was measured by monitoring the DNA incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine. Further, gene expression was evaluated by qPCR arrays, extracellular matrix mineralization was quantified by absorption measurement of Alizarin red stains, and effects were calculated with repeated measures analysis and post hoc p-value adjustment.

Results

Irrespective of fluoride addition, cell adhesion was similar on MTA discs, of which the surface roughness was comparable. Control osteoblasts had a curvilinear proliferation pattern peaking at d5, which was leveled out by incubation with MTA. The addition of fluoride partly restored the MTA-related reduction of the cellular proliferation rate in a dose-dependent manner. At the mRNA level, both fluoride and MTA modulated a number of genes involved in osteogenesis, bone mineral metabolism and extracellular matrix formation. Although MTA significantly impaired extracellular matrix mineralization, the addition of fluoride supported the formation of mineralized nodules in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion

The addition of fluoride modulatesd the biocompatibility of MTA in terms of supporting bone cell proliferation and hard tissue formation. Hence, fluoride enrichment is a trend-setting advancement for MTA-based endodontic therapies.

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